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首页> 外文期刊>Homeopathy: the journal of the Faculty of Homeopathy >Nanoparticle Characterisation of Traditional Homeopathically Manufactured Cuprum metallicum and Gelsemium sempervirens Medicines and Controls
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Nanoparticle Characterisation of Traditional Homeopathically Manufactured Cuprum metallicum and Gelsemium sempervirens Medicines and Controls

机译：传统的顺势疗法制造的金属和凝胶剂的纳米颗粒表征

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Background Homeopathy is controversial due to its use of very highly diluted medicines (high potenciesidynamisations). Methods We used a multi -technology approach to examine dilutions of two commonly used homeopathic medicines: an insoluble metal, Cuprum metallicum, and a soluble plant tincture, Gelsemium sempervirens, for the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) of original substance. The homeopathic medicines tested were specially prepared, according to the European pharmacopoeia standards. We compared the homeopathic dilutionsidynamisations with simple dilutions and controls. Results Using Mass Spectrometry (Single Particle -Inductively Coupled Plasma -Mass Spectrometry) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) we could not find the expected copper in the 4cH potentisation and could not confirm the results previously obtained by Chikramane et al (2010). For Gelsemium medicines, using sensitive chromatography (HPLC-UV) up to a dilution level of 6 dH (3cH = dilution 10e-6), there was no significant difference in alkaloid content between a simple dilution and a homeopathic potency. For higher potentisations, however, NP tracking analysis findings revealed the presence of particles in all samples (except for pure water). The measurements showed large differences in particle quantities, mean particle sizes and standard deviations of the mean sizes between manufacturing lines of different starting material. There was always more material in potentised medicines than in potentised pure water. Gelsemium yielded the largest quantity of material (36 times more than that from copper at the same potentisation, 30 cH). The shapes and the chemical composition of the material are differentiable between different medicines and controls. Conclusion Potentisation influences specifically the nature of NPs detected. This material demonstrates that the step-by-step process (dynamised or not) does not match with the theoretical expectations in a dilution process. The Avogadro/ Loschmidt limit is not relevant at all. It was not possible to reproduce the findings of Chikramane et al (2010) using inductively coupled plasma -mass spectrometry with copper. Copper NPs could not be detected at 4cH and above.
机译：背景疗法由于使用了非常稀释的药物（高能量动力学）而引起了争议。方法我们使用多技术方法来检查两种常用的顺势疗法药物的稀释液：一种不溶性金属，金属杯和可溶性植物tin剂，凝胶剂，用于纳米颗粒（NPS）原始物质的存在。根据欧洲药典标准，经过特殊准备的顺势疗法药物是专门准备的。我们用简单的稀释液和对照比较了顺势疗法稀释性动力学。使用质谱法（单个粒子 - 偶联等离子体 - 质谱法）和动态光散射（DLS）的结果，我们找不到4CH稳定性中的预期铜，也无法确认Chikramane等人先前获得的结果。对于胶质药，使用敏感色谱法（HPLC-UV）达到6 dh的稀释水平（3ch =稀释10e-6），简单稀释和顺势疗法的效力之间的生物碱含量没有显着差异。然而，对于更高的电位，NP跟踪分析发现揭示了所有样品中颗粒的存在（纯水除外）。测量结果显示出粒子量，平均粒径和标准偏差的差异很大，在不同起始材料的制造线之间的平均尺寸差异。在有效的药物中，总有材料比有效的纯净水多。凝胶产生的材料量最大（在同一电位上的铜（30 ch）中，含量是铜的36倍）。材料的形状和化学成分在不同的药物和对照之间是可区分的。结论的增强特异性影响了检测到的NP的性质。该材料表明，逐步过程（或者动态的）过程与稀释过程中的理论期望不符。 Avogadro/ Loschmidt限制根本无关。不可能使用电感耦合的等离子体 - 质谱法与铜来复制Chikramane等人（2010）的发现。在4ch及以上无法检测到铜NP。

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