Applying the Health Belief Model to Quantify and Investigate Expectations for Computerized Cognitive Training

Edwards Jerri D.; Phillips Christine B.; OConnor Melissa L.OBrien Jennifer L.Hudak Elizabeth M.Nicholson Jody S.

摘要

Despite the demonstrated benefits of computerized cognitive training for older adults, little is known about the determinants of training behavior. We developed and tested scales to quantify expectations about such training, examine whether expectations predicted training adherence, and explore if training expectations changed from pre- to post-training. Participants (N = 219) were healthy older adults aged 55-96 years (M = 75.36, SD = 9.39), enrolled in four studies investigating Dakim, InSight, or Posit Science Brain Fitness computerized cognitive training programs. Instruments were adapted from existing health behavior scales: Self-Efficacy for Cognitive Training; Outcome Expectations for Cognitive Training; Perceived Susceptibility to Cognitive Decline, Dementia, or Alzheimer's Disease; and Perceived Severity of Cognitive Decline, Dementia, or Alzheimer's Disease. Participants completed scales at baseline (N = 219) and post-training (n = 173). Eight composites were derived from factor analyses. Adherence rates were high (M = 81%), but none of the composites predicted training adherence. There was an overall significant effect of time, Wilks' lambda = 0.843, F(8, 114) = 2.65, p = 0.010, partial eta(2) = 0.157; a significant overall effect of training group, Wilks' lambda = 0.770, F(16, 228) = 1.99, p = 0.015, partial eta(2) = 0.123; and an overall significant group x time interaction, Wilks' lambda = 0.728, F(16, 226) = 2.44, p = 0.002, partial eta(2) = 0.147. Significant effects of time were found for expected psychological outcomes and self-efficacy. Post-training, participants more strongly agreed that training was enjoyable and increased their sense of accomplishment. Changes in self-efficacy for cognitive training varied by program, improving for Dakim, and declining for the more challenging Brain Fitness and InSight participants. These newly devised scales may be useful for examining cognitive training behaviors. However, more work is needed to understand factors that influence older adults' enrollment in and adherence to cognitive training.

机译：尽管对老年人的计算机认知训练具有显示出的好处，但对训练行为的决定因素知之甚少。我们开发并测试了量表，以量化对这种培训的期望，检查期望是否预测培训依从性，并探索培训期望是否从培训前到训练后发生变化。参与者（n = 219）是健康的老年人，年龄在55-96岁（M = 75.36，SD = 9.39）中，并参加了四项研究，研究了Dakim，Insight或Posit Science Brain Brain Fitness Fitness Fitness Interlectial Computical认知训练计划。根据现有的健康行为量表：认知训练的自我效能感;认知培训的结果期望;感知到认知能力下降，痴呆或阿尔茨海默氏病的易感性;认知能力下降，痴呆或阿尔茨海默氏病的严重程度。参与者在基线（n = 219）和训练后完成量表（n = 173）。从因子分析中得出了八个复合材料。依从率很高（M = 81％），但没有一个复合材料可以预测训练依从性。时间总体上有显着影响，威尔克斯的lambda = 0.843，f（8，114）= 2.65，p = 0.010，部分eta（2）= 0.157;训练组的重要总体效果，威尔克斯的lambda = 0.770，f（16，228）= 1.99，p = 0.015，部分eta（2）= 0.123;以及整体重要的组X时间相互作用，Wilks'lambda = 0.728，F（16，226）= 2.44，p = 0.002，部分ETA（2）= 0.147。在预期的心理结果和自我效能感上发现了时间的显着影响。培训后，参与者更加同意培训是令人愉快的，并提高了他们的成就感。认知训练的自我效能感的变化因计划而异，达基姆的改善以及更具挑战性的大脑健身和洞察力参与者的下降。这些新设计的量表可能有助于检查认知训练行为。但是，需要更多的工作来了解影响老年人入学并遵守认知培训的因素。

Applying the Health Belief Model to Quantify and Investigate Expectations for Computerized Cognitive Training

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