Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Effects on the Perceptual and Cognitive Processes Underlying Decision-making: a Mini Review

Brunye Tad T.

摘要

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) includes transcranial magnetic (TMS), focused ultrasound (tFUS), and electrical (tES) stimulation, each of which modulates the activity of cortical neurons with the intent of modifying functional connectivity and neuroplasticity in the brain. Often employed as a tool to identify causal links between brain regions, cognitive processes, and behavioral outcomes, NIBS is also gaining popularity as a tool for enhancing decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. A literature search revealed 42 published reports conforming to our search criteria, employing diverse NIBS techniques including TMS, repetitive TMS (rTMS), and transcranial direct, alternating, and random noise stimulation (tDCS, tACS, tRNS). Identified studies also employed a range of outcome tasks including recognition memory, non-veridical, moral, economic, perceptual, and risky decision-making. Further categorization was performed to isolate six decision subprocesses, including gathering information, evaluating probabilities, weighting dimensions, integrating and assigning value, creating a strategy, and executing a decision. Most studies targeted the right or left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), demonstrating critical involvement of this region in all six examined decision subprocesses. Several additional brain regions were targeted, with outcomes demonstrating disruption or facilitation of specific decision outcomes. Results are summarized for each decision subprocess, focusing on converging evidence across NIBS techniques and decision tasks. Several important directions are outlined for future research, to fill knowledge gaps, advance causal and mechanistic understandings of NIBS effects on decisions, and potentially enhance decision-making in real-world settings.

机译：非侵入性脑刺激（NIB）包括经颅磁（TMS），聚焦超声（TFU）和电（TES）刺激，每种刺激都可以调节其功能连接性和大脑中神经肿瘤性的意图。通常用作识别大脑区域，认知过程和行为结果之间的因果关系的工具，NIBS也广受欢迎，作为在不确定性条件下增强决策的工具。文献搜索揭示了42个已发表的报告符合我们的搜索标准，采用了包括TMS，重复性TMS（RTMS）以及经颅直接，交替和随机噪声刺激（TDC，TDC，TACS，TRN）在内的各种NIBS技术。确定的研究还采用了一系列成果任务，包括识别记忆，非验证，道德，经济，感知和危险的决策。进行了进一步的分类以隔离六个决策子过程，包括收集信息，评估概率，加权维度，集成和分配价值，创建策略和执行决策。大多数研究针对右侧或左侧外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC），表明该区域在所有六个检查的决策子过程中的关键参与。还有一些大脑区域的目标，结果表明破坏或促进特定决策结果。每个决策子过程总结了结果，重点是跨NIBS技术和决策任务融合证据。概述了几个重要方向，以供将来的研究，以填补知识差距，提高因果关系和机械性对决策影响的影响，并有可能增强现实世界中的决策。

Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Effects on the Perceptual and Cognitive Processes Underlying Decision-making: a Mini Review

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