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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of cognitive enhancement >Examining the Trainability and Transferability of Working-Memory Gating Policies
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Examining the Trainability and Transferability of Working-Memory Gating Policies

机译：检查工作记忆彩控政策的训练性和可转让性

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Internal working memory (WM) gating control policies have been suggested to constitute a critical component of task-sets that can be learned and transferred to very similar task contexts (Bhandari and Badre (Cognition, 172, 33-43, 2018). Here, we attempt to expand these findings, examining whether such control policies can be also trained and transferred to other untrained cognitive control tasks, namely to task switching and AX-CPT. To this end, a context-processing WM task was used for training, allowing to manipulate either input (i.e., top-down selective entry of information into WM) or output (i.e., bottom-up selective retrieval of WM) gating control policies by employing either a context-first (CF) or context-last (CL) task structure, respectively. In this task, two contextual cues were each associated with two different stimuli. In CF condition, each trial began with a contextual cue, determining which of the two subsequent stimuli is target relevant. In contrast, in the CL condition the contextual cue appeared last, preceded by a target and non-target stimulus successively. Participants completed a task switching baseline assessment, followed by one practice and six training blocks with the WM context-processing training task. After completing training, task-switching and AX-CPT transfer blocks were administrated, respectively. As hypothesized, compared to CL training condition, CF training led to improved task-switching performance. However, contrary to our predictions, training type did not influence AX-CPT performance. Taken together, the current results provide further evidence that internal control policies are (1) inherent element of task-sets, also in task switching and (2) independent of S-R mappings. However, these results need to be cautiously interpreted due to baseline differences in task-switching performance between the conditions (overall slower RTs in the CF condition). Importantly though, our results open a new venue for the realm of cognitive enhancement, pointing here for the first time to the potential of control policies training in promoting wider transfer effects.
机译：已经建议内部工作记忆（WM）门控控制策略构成任务集的关键组成部分，可以学习并将其转移到非常相似的任务上下文（Bhandari and Badre（Cognition，172，33-43，2018）。我们尝试扩展这些发现，检查是否还可以培训此类控制策略并将其转移到其他未经训练的认知控制任务，即任务切换和AX-CPT。为此，将上下文处理WM任务用于培训，允许训练，允许通过使用上下文 - 局部（CF）或上下文last（CL）来操纵输入（即，将信息的选择性输入到WM）或输出（即，WM的自下而上选择检索）门控控制策略（即，自下而上的选择性检索）或任务结构分别。在此任务中，两个上下文提示都与两个不同的刺激相关联。在CF条件下，每个试验均以上下文提示开始，确定两个随后的刺激中的哪一个是相关的。相反，在CL Cond中ITION上下文提示出现了最后一次出现，之前是目标和非目标刺激。参与者完成了一项任务切换基线评估，然后通过WM上下文处理培训任务进行了一项练习和六个培训障碍。完成培训后，分别管理任务切换和AX-CPT转移块。与CL训练条件相比，CF培训可改善任务切换性能。但是，与我们的预测相反，训练类型不影响AX-CPT的性能。综上所述，当前的结果提供了进一步的证据，表明内部控制策略是（1）任务集的固有元素，以及任务切换和（2）独立于S-R映射。但是，由于条件之间任务切换性能的基线差异（在CF条件下的RTS较慢），需要谨慎解释这些结果。不过，重要的是，我们的结果为认知增强的领域打开了一个新的场所，在这里首次指向控制政策培训以促进更广泛转移效应的潜力。

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