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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of cognitive enhancement >Mindfulness and Attention: Current State-of-Affairs and Future Considerations
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Mindfulness and Attention: Current State-of-Affairs and Future Considerations

机译：正念和关注：当前的伴随和未来考虑

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This review examines longitudinal studies of changes in components of attention following mindfulness training. A total of 57 retreat studies, non-randomized trials, and randomized controlled trials were identified. Employing the classical taxonomy proposed by Posner and Petersen (Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13(1), 25-42, 1990), outcome measures were broadly categorized based on whether they involved maintenance of an aroused state (alerting), selective prioritization of attention to target items (orienting), or assessed conflict monitoring (executive attention). Although many non-randomized and retreat studies provide promising evidence of gains in both alerting and conflict monitoring following mindfulness training, evidence from randomized controlled trials, especially those involving active control comparison groups, is more mixed. This review calls attention to the urgent need in our field of contemplative sciences to adopt the methodological rigor necessary for establishing mindfulness meditation as an effective cognitive rehabilitation tool. Although studies including wait-listed control comparisons were fruitful in providing initial feasibility data and pre-post effect sizes, there is a pressing need to employ standards that have been heavily advocated for in the broader cognitive and physical training literatures. Critically, inclusion of active comparison groups and explicit attention to the reduction of demand characteristics are needed to disentangle the effects of placebo from treatment. Further, detailed protocols for mindfulness and control groups and examination of theoretically guided outcome variables with established metrics for reliability and validity are key ingredients in the systematic study of mindfulness meditation. Adoption of such methodological rigor will allow for causal claims supporting mindfulness training as an efficacious treatment modality for cognitive rehabilitation and enhancement.
机译：这篇综述研究了正念训练后注意力的变化的纵向研究。总共确定了57项撤退研究，非随机试验和随机对照试验。采用Posner和Petersen提出的经典分类法（神经科学的年度审查，13（1），25-42，1990），根据他们是否涉及维护唤醒状态（警报），选择性优先级，对结果指标进行了广泛的分类。定位项目（定向）或评估冲突监控（执行注意力）。尽管许多非随机和撤退研究提供了在正念训练后警报和冲突监测中获得的有前途的证据，但随机对照试验的证据，尤其是涉及主动控制比较组的证据，更混杂。这篇评论呼吁人们注意我们沉思科学领域的迫切需求，以采用将正念冥想作为一种有效的认知康复工具所必需的方法论严格。尽管包括等待上市的控制比较在内的研究在提供最初的可行性数据和前效应大小方面是富有成效的，但在更广泛的认知和体育训练文献中，迫切需要采用广泛提倡的标准。至关重要的是，需要包括主动比较组和对需求特征减少的明确关注，以使安慰剂的影响不再治疗。此外，正念和对照组的详细协议以及对具有可靠性和有效性的既定指标的理论指导变量的检查是对正念冥想的系统研究中的关键要素。采用这种方法学的严格性将允许因果主张支持正念训练，以此作为认知康复和增强的有效治疗方式。

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