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A Review of US Army Research Contributing to Cognitive Enhancement in Military Contexts

机译：对在军事背景下有助于认知增强的美国陆军研究的综述

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The US Department of Defense, including the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has engaged in cognitive enhancement research and development for over a century, exploring novel pharmaceutical, dietary, neuroscientific, instructional, technological, and sleep-related enhancement strategies. The overall objective of this work is to identify safe, reliable, and robust strategies and technologies to help military personnel achieve dominance through enhanced skill acquisition, vigilance and threat detection, situation awareness, decision-making, teamwork, and emotional control. The present review provides an introductory overview of recent and current US Army research examining several approaches to cognitive enhancement. These include approaches aimed at specifically targeting neural mechanisms and processes directly responsible for enhanced task performance and include transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), augmented reality (AR), and targeted skills training. Also considered are approaches targeting nth-order mechanisms and processes that relatively indirectly affect perception, cognition, and/or emotion and include nutritional and dietary intervention, resilience, cognitive and teamwork training, peripheral nerve stimulation, and sleep modification. We detail several promising approaches and provide an overview of forward-looking research objectives pursued by the US Army. Finally, we provide an overview of some of the ethical, regulatory, methodological, technological, doctrinal, and reliability challenges facing cognitive enhancement research and constraining its immediate application to military training and operations.
机译：美国国防部，包括陆军，空军，海军和国防高级研究项目局（DARPA），从事认知增强研究和发展，探索了新颖的药物，饮食，神经科学，教学，技术和技术，以及与睡眠有关的增强策略。这项工作的总体目标是确定安全，可靠和强大的策略和技术，以帮助军事人员通过增强技能获取，警惕和威胁检测，情况意识，决策，团队合作和情感控制来实现优势。本评论提供了概述的概述，概述了最近和当前的美国陆军研究，研究了几种认知增强方法。这些包括旨在专门针对神经机制和过程直接负责提高任务性能的方法，包括经颅电刺激（TES），增强现实（AR）和有针对性的技能培训。还考虑了针对n阶机制和过程的方法，这些方法相对间接影响感知，认知和/或情感，包括营养和饮食干预，韧性，认知和团队合作训练，周围神经刺激以及睡眠修饰。我们详细介绍了几种有前途的方法，并概述了美国陆军追求的前瞻性研究目标。最后，我们概述了一些道德，监管，方法，技术，教义和可靠性挑战，即认知增强研究和限制其在军事训练和运营中的立即应用。

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