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River ecosystem conceptual models and non‐perennial rivers: A critical review

机译：河流生态系统的概念模型和非周期河流：一项关键评论

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Abstract Conceptual models underpin river ecosystem research. However, current models focus on continuously flowing rivers and few explicitly address characteristics such as flow cessation and drying. The applicability of existing conceptual models to nonperennial rivers that cease to flow (intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams, IRES) has not been evaluated. We reviewed 18 models, finding that they collectively describe main drivers of biogeochemical and ecological patterns and processes longitudinally (upstream‐downstream), laterally (channel‐riparian‐floodplain), vertically (surface water‐groundwater), and temporally across local and landscape scales. However, perennial rivers are longitudinally continuous while IRES are longitudinally discontinuous. Whereas perennial rivers have bidirectional lateral connections between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, in IRES, this connection is unidirectional for much of the time, from terrestrial‐to‐aquatic only. Vertical connectivity between surface and subsurface water occurs bidirectionally and is temporally consistent in perennial rivers. However, in IRES, this exchange is temporally variable, and can become unidirectional during drying or rewetting phases. Finally, drying adds another dimension of flow variation to be considered across temporal and spatial scales in IRES, much as flooding is considered as a temporally and spatially dynamic process in perennial rivers. Here, we focus on ways in which existing models could be modified to accommodate drying as a fundamental process that can alter these patterns and processes across spatial and temporal dimensions in streams. This perspective is needed to support river science and management in our era of rapid global change, including increasing duration, frequency, and occurrence of drying. This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
机译：摘要概念模型基于河河生态系统研究。但是，当前的模型集中在连续流动的河流上，很少有明确地解决诸如止流和干燥之类的特征。现有的概念模型适用于停止流动（间歇性的河流和临时流，IRES）的非年期河流的适用性。我们审查了18种模型，发现它们共同描述了生物地球化学和生态模式和过程的主要动力，纵向（上游 - 下游），横向（沿沿层层 - 层次 - 河流），垂直（地表水水），以及跨局部和景观尺度的时间（地表水域） 。但是，多年生河流在纵向上是连续的，而IRES则是不连续的。多年生河流在水生生态系统之间具有双向侧向连接，而在IRES中，这种联系在很大程度上是单向的，从地面到水平。表面和地下水之间的垂直连通性在双向上发生，并且在多年生河流中是一致的。但是，在IRES中，这种交换在时间上是可变的，并且在干燥或重新润湿阶段可能会成为单向。最后，干燥增加了在IRES中的时间和空间尺度上考虑的流动变化的另一个维度，就像洪水被认为是多年生河中的时间和空间动态过程一样。在这里，我们专注于可以修改现有模型以适应干燥作为一个基本过程的方式，该过程可以改变流中空间和时间尺寸的这些模式和过程。需要这种观点来支持我们在全球快速变化时代的河流科学和管理，包括增加持续时间，频率和干燥的发生。本文分类为：水与生命>淡水生态系统的性质水和生命>对生态系统科学的压力和压力>水文过程

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