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首页> 外文期刊>Psychology of violence >Biases in Blaming Victims of Rape and Other Crime
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Biases in Blaming Victims of Rape and Other Crime

机译：指责强奸和其他犯罪的受害者的偏见

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摘要

Objective: This study examines general biases and gender biases in blaming victims of rape and other crimes. General biases operate for any type of victimization and can bias attributions of blame downward (sympathy for victims and anger toward offenders) or upward (hindsight). Gender biases can lead to greater victim blaming for rape and female victims. Method: College students were presented with vignettes involving different outcomes and asked whether they blamed the victim (direct blame) and whether they thought the victim was irresponsible or should not have gotten herself in that situation (indirect blame). In Study 1 (N = 348), we manipulated whether the vignette ended with a rape or robbery and included two scenarios in which no negative consequence was mentioned. In Study 2 (N = 239). we manipulated the relationship of the offender and victim, the gender of the victim, and whether the vignette ended in a rape, homicide, assault, or accident. Results: Rape victims were not assigned more blame than other victims. In fact, participants were less likely to assign direct blame to rape victims than robbery victims. They tended to prefer indirect blame over direct blame, particularly in the case of rape and homicide. Conclusions: General biases better explained our results than gender biases. Sympathy for victims and anger toward offenders inhibit victim blaming, whereas hindsight encourages it.
机译：目的：本研究研究了责备强奸和其他犯罪受害者的普遍偏见和性别偏见。普遍的偏见是为任何类型的受害而行动的，并且可能会偏向于下降（对受害者和对罪犯的愤怒的同情）或向上（事后看来）。性别偏见可能导致更大的受害者指责强奸和女性受害者。方法：大学生被介绍了涉及不同结果的小插曲，并询问他们是否指责受害者（直接责备），以及他们是否认为受害者不负责任或不应该在这种情况下陷入困境（间接责备）。在研究1（n = 348）中，我们操纵了小插图是否以强奸或抢劫结束，并包括两种情况，其中未提及负面后果。在研究2（n = 239）中。我们操纵罪犯和受害者的关系，受害者的性别，以及小插图以强奸，凶杀，袭击还是意外结束。结果：强奸受害者没有比其他受害者更受责任。实际上，与抢劫受害者相比，参与者对强奸受害者的直接责任较小。他们倾向于间接责备而不是直接责备，尤其是在强奸和凶杀案的情况下。结论：一般偏见比性别偏见更好地解释了我们的结果。对受害者和对罪犯的愤怒的同情抑制了受害者的责备，而事后看来则鼓励了受害者。

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