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首页> 外文期刊>Israel Journal of Zoology >'Evolution Canyon': A Microcosm of Life's Evolution Focusing on Adaptation and Speciation
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'Evolution Canyon': A Microcosm of Life's Evolution Focusing on Adaptation and Speciation

机译：“进化峡谷”：生命进化的缩影，重点是适应和物种形成

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Local microcosmic natural laboratories, dubbed "Evolution Canyon" (EC) models, reinforce studies of regional and global macrocosmic ecological theaters across life and unravel evolution in action. The EC model laboratories permit genomic, proteomic, and phenomic studies highlighting speciation and adaptation at a microscale. Critical transplant experiment tests can evaluate interslope differential fitness. Novel techniques of genetic mapping, sequence nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and wide genome coding and noncoding expressions can unravel evolutionary dynamics. Finally, fundamental problems such as stress effects on nonrandom mutations, lateral transfers, splicing variations, sex, and social evolutions, and adaptive strategies of prokaryotes and eukaryotes are testable. We are studying four "Evolution Canyons" (EC I-IV) in the Carmel, Galilee, Negev, and Golan mountains. We've identified 2,500 species in EC I (Carmel) from bacteria to mammals in an area of 7,000 m. Higher terrestrial species richness was found on the more stressful tropical "African" slope (AS). Aquatic species richness was higher on the milder, temperate "European" slope (ES). In soil fungi we found interslope local and regional adaptive divergence in sex, melanism, and conidia. In nine out of 14 (64%) model organisms across life we identified largely higher genetic polymorphisms on the more stressful "African" slope. In some model species we found higher mutation rates, gene conversion, recombination, DNA repair, and larger genome size as well as interslope divergent micro-satellites, molecular polymorphisms, retrotransposons, and wide-genome gene expression on the more stressful AS. Remarkably, interslope incipient sympatric speciation was found across life. The "Evolution Canyon" model represents the Israeli ecological equivalent of the Galapagos Islands. Micro-climatic selection overrides drift and drives both interslope adaptive radiation and incipient sympatric speciation. The EC model could potentially highlight many mysteries of evolutionary biology.
机译：局部的微观自然实验室，称为“进化峡谷”（EC）模型，增强了对跨越生命的区域和全球宏观生态剧院的研究，并在作用中揭示了进化。 EC模型实验室允许基因组，蛋白质组学和现象研究突出显示微观的形成和适应性。关键移植实验测试可以评估间坡间的差异适应性。遗传学图，序列核苷酸多态性（SNP）以及广泛的基因组编码和非编码表达的新技术可以揭示进化动力学。最后，可以测试基本问题，例如对非随机突变，横向转移，剪接变化，性别和社会演变以及原核生物和真核生物的适应性策略等基本问题。我们正在研究Carmel，Galilee，Negev和Golan Mountains的四个“进化峡谷”（EC I-IV）。我们已经在EC I（Carmel）中发现了2500种从细菌到7,000 m的哺乳动物。在压力更大的热带“非洲”斜坡上发现了较高的陆地物种丰富度（AS）。在温和的“欧洲”斜坡上，水生物种丰富度更高。在土壤真菌中，我们发现了性，黑色素和分生孢子中坡度间和区域自适应差异。在跨越生命的14个（64％）模型中，有9种在更大的“非洲”斜坡上确定了更高的遗传多态性。在某些模型物种中，我们发现更高的突变率，基因转化，重组，DNA修复和较大的基因组大小以及斜坡间发散的微观卫星，分子多态性，逆转录转座子和广泛的基因组基因表达在更大的压力上。值得注意的是，在整个生命中都发现了斜坡间的同胞形成。 “进化峡谷”模型代表了加拉帕戈斯群岛的以色列生态等效。微气候选择覆盖了漂移，并驱动斜坡间适应性辐射和初期同胞形成。 EC模型可能会突出许多进化生物学的奥秘。

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