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Shenzi OBN: An imaging step change

机译：she NZ IO BN: an imaging step change

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摘要

The story of seismic imaging over BHP’s Shenzi Gulf of Mexico production field follows the history of offshore seismic imaging, from 2D to 3D narrow-azimuth streamer acquisition and to its leading the wide-azimuth movement with the Shenzi rich-azimuth (RAZ) survey. Each RAZ reprocessing project over the last 15 years applied the latest processing technology, culminating in hundreds of scenario tests to refine the salt model, but eventually the RAZ data reached a technical limit. A new ocean-bottom-node (OBN) survey acquired in 2020 has produced a step-change improvement over the legacy RAZ image. The uplift can be attributed to several factors. First, an OBN feasibility and survey design study demonstrated that a core of dense nodes combined with sparse nodes would improve the accuracy and resolution of the full-waveform inversion (FWI) solution. Second, the OBN data acquired following the survey design and employing FWI as the main model-building tool realized the predicted improvement. The result was a substantial change to the complex salt model, verified by a salt proximity survey as well as other salt markers, and improvement in imaging over the entire field. In addition to the improvement arising from a more accurate FWI velocity model, the steep-dip imaging also benefited from the new full-azimuth and long-offset data. However, the best steep-dip and fault imaging comes from the FWI image, a direct estimation of reflectivity from the FWI velocity. As the maximum frequency used by FWI moves toward the maximum frequency of the final reverse time migration (RTM), the FWI image approaches the resolution necessary to compete as the primary interpretation volume. Its subsalt illumination surpassed that of the RTM and even the leastsquares RTM volumes. These imaging improvements are providing a new understanding of the faults and stratigraphic relationships of the field.
机译：BHP对墨西哥生产领域的Seismic Image的故事遵循了离岸地震成像的历史，从2D到3D狭窄的Azimuth彩带收购，以及与Shenzi Rich-Azimuth（Raz）调查的领导广泛的运动。在过去的15年中，每个RAZ重新处理项目都采用了最新的处理技术，最终在数百个场景测试中以完善盐模型，但最终RAZ数据达到了技术限制。 2020年获得的一项新的海洋底节点（OBN）调查对传统RAZ图像产生了逐步改善。隆升可以归因于几个因素。首先，OBN的可行性和调查设计研究表明，结合稀疏节点的密集节点的核心将提高全波反转（FWI）溶液的准确性和分辨率。其次，在调查设计并采用FWI作为主要模型构建工具之后获得的OBN数据实现了预测的改进。结果是对复杂的盐模型发生了重大变化，该模型通过盐接近调查以及其他盐标记验证，以及整个田间成像的改进。除了由更准确的FWI速度模型引起的改进外，陡峭的浸入成像还受益于新的全齐达和长期偏移数据。但是，最佳的陡峭浸入和故障成像来自FWI图像，这是FWI速度对反射率的直接估计。随着FWI使用的最大频率朝着最终反向时间迁移（RTM）的最大频率移动，FWI图像接近竞争作为主要解释量所需的分辨率。它的海底照明超过了RTM甚至最少的RTM量。这些成像改进为该领域的断层和地层关系提供了新的理解。

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