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A Survey of Soil Erosion in Australia using Caesium-137

机译：在澳大利亚使用的调查土壤侵蚀铯- 137

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摘要

A survey of soil erosion was conducted in Australia using the fallout radioiso-tope caesium-137 as an indicator of topsoil redistribution. Two hundred and six sites were sampled, 100 within rotational cropping and horticultural use, 52 within uncultivated permanent pasture and forest, and 54 in rangelands. Average net soil losses were approximately equal for cultivated cropping lands and range-lands (ca. 5.5 t ha~(-1) yr~(-1)), and just over 1 t ha~(-1) yr~(-1) for pasture and forest. The Mann Whitney U Test revealed that losses under cropping and rangeland conditions were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than under uncultivated pasture and forest. Soil loss was negatively correlated with mean annual rainfall and slope gradient, and positively correlated with slope length (Spearman's rank correlation). There was no correlation between rates of soil loss and a rainfall erosi-vity index. An assessment of erosional events was provided by landholders for 104 sites, with their ranking being weakly but significantly correlated with soil loss estimates (r = +0.35). Sixty percent of sites had net soil losses greater than 1 t ha~(-1) yr~(-1), and 74% of sites had losses of more than 0.5 t ha~(-1) yr~(-1). This latter rate may be regarded as a limit for a tolerable level of soil loss. These high rates of soil loss have occurred since the mid-1950s despite there being significant landholder awareness of the soil erosion hazard.
机译：的土壤侵蚀进行了一项调查澳大利亚使用radioiso-tope放射性尘降物表层土的铯- 137作为一个指标再分配。在旋转裁剪和采样,100在不文明的园艺用,52岁永久草场和森林,54岁牧场。大致相等的栽培种植的土地和土地(5.5 t哈~(1)年~(1)),和就在1 t哈~(1)年~(1)牧场和森林。在裁剪和牧场条件下损失显著提高(p < 0.05)比在吗不文明的牧场和森林。年平均降水量呈负相关和边坡坡度,呈正相关与边坡长度(斯皮尔曼等级相关)。之间没有相关的土壤损失和降雨erosi-vity索引。评估提供的侵蚀事件土地所有者104网站,他们的排名弱但显著相关土壤流失估计(r = + 0.35)。网站有净土壤损失大于1 t哈哈~(1)年~(1),和74%的网站有损失的超过0.5 t哈~(1)年~(1)。可能被视为限制为一个可容忍的水平土壤流失。发生自1950年代中期,尽管存在土壤的重要土地拥有者意识水土流失危害。

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