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Heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen (HCD) in metal nanoparticle catalysis

机译：(HCD)二氢异属溶解的乳沟的金属纳米催化

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The heterolytic cleavage of H-2 into H+ and H-, and the subsequent transfer of these hydrogen species to polarized C = X groups, is a useful strategy to obtain high selectivities in catalytic hydrogenation reactions, which are one of the most important chemical processes. In the homogeneous field, this transformation is catalyzed by a wide variety of metal-ligand complexes, leading to the selective reduction of ketones, aldehydes, and imines, to name a few. In many cases, a ligand-metal cooperative mechanism promotes the activation of the hydrogen molecule; that is, a Lewis basic site of the ligand binds the proton, and simultaneously, a coordinated metal atom acts as a Lewis acid and takes the hydride. Similar to homogeneous catalysts based on organometallic complexes, in the field of metal nanoparticle catalysis the use of supports, ligands and additives can promote heterolytic H-2 splitting by a cooperative mechanism with the metal, and thus produce the selective reduction of thermodynamically more stable unsaturated groups. This successful approach has allowed very high selectivities to be obtained, with both supported and non-supported metal nanoparticles (MNPs). This Perspective aims to carry out a critical review of recent examples on heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen mediated by MNPs, making a selection of the most representative works in search for general features and new steps to be followed. As will be shown, promising advances have been made through the use of supported MNPs functionalized by organic ligands, which combine the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts (activity, selectivity, stability and recyclability), and thus represent a new research area with tremendous industrial interest.
机译：2的异种溶解的乳沟H +和H -,这些氢和随后的转移物种分化C = X集团,是一个有用的策略来获得高选择性催化加氢反应,这是一个最重要的化学过程。均匀场,这个转换通过各种各样的metal-ligand催化复合物,导致选择性降低亚胺酮、醛和等等。很多情况下,ligand-metal合作机制促进了氢分子的激活;也就是说,刘易斯基本的配体结合质子,同时,协调金属原子作为路易斯酸和需要的氢化物。领域的有机金属配合物金属纳米颗粒催化支持的使用,配体和添加剂能促进异种溶解的氢气2分裂的合作机制金属,从而产生选择性降低热力学的更稳定的不饱和组。高选择性,这两件事支持和不受支持的金属纳米粒子(基于)。在异种溶解的评论最近的例子由基于二氢的乳沟,让一个选择最具代表性的作品搜索一般特征和新措施紧随其后。已经通过使用支持基于功能化的有机配体,结合同类和异类的优点催化剂活性、选择性、稳定性和再循环能力),因此代表了一个新的研究面积巨大的工业利益。

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