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Transformations of FCC catalysts and carbonaceous deposits during repeated reaction-regeneration cycles

机译：转换的FCC催化剂和碳质存款在重复reaction-regeneration周期

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摘要

Transformation of an industrial zeolite-based fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst and its coke deposits during regeneration following FCC reactions of a representative refinery stream (a 1 : 1 weight basis mixture of light cycle oil and heavy gas oil) are investigated. The coked catalysts are regenerated on stream, between reaction cycles, in a regenerator maintained at 700 degrees C. Coked samples after 1, 22 and 45 reaction cycles (FCC-1, FCC-22 and FCC-45) are collected and analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in situ Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen and oxygen adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Al-27 magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy. Our results indicate that the amount of coke decreased, and the coke concentrated preferentially on the surface of the catalyst particles as the catalyst is subjected to an increasing number of reaction-regeneration cycles. A decrease in the micropore volume and total acidity of the catalyst is observed due to pore blockage by coke and the damage to the crystalline structure of the catalyst induced by cycling. The most significant catalyst deactivation is observed during the first reaction step. The increased number of reaction cycles and thermal aging also change the structural order of the graphitic species or the morphology of the coke, producing harder coke that is more difficult to oxidize.
机译：一个工业zeolite-based转变流化催化裂化(FCC)催化剂及其可口可乐在再生后FCC存款炼油厂流(反应的代表1: 1重量轻循环油和基础重瓦斯油)进行调查。之间的流,催化剂再生反应周期,在蓄热器维护700度c .焦化样品1后,22日和45反应周期(FCC-1 FCC-22和FCC-45)收集和分析使用x射线光电子能谱(XPS)、原位拉曼光谱,x射线衍射(XRD)、氮和氧adsorption-desorption等温线、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和Al-27魔法角旋转的核磁共振(MAS NMR)光谱学。可乐量减少,和可乐集中优先表面的受到催化剂粒子作为催化剂越来越多的reaction-regeneration周期。由于观察到的总酸性催化剂毛孔堵塞可口可乐和损坏引起的催化剂的晶体结构骑自行车。失活是观察在第一反应步骤。周期和热老化也改变石墨的结构顺序或物种形态学的可乐,可口可乐生产困难更难以氧化。

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