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Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides: New Players in the Control of Islet of Langerhans' Cell Mass and Function

机译:神经递质和神经肽:新玩家在胰岛的朗格汉斯细胞的控制质量和功能

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摘要

Islets of Langerhans control whole body glucose homeostasis, as they respond, releasing hormones, to changes in nutrient concentrations in the blood stream. The regulation of hormone secretion has been the focus of attention for a long time because it is related to many metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus. Endocrine cells of the islet use a sophisticate system of endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signals to synchronize their activities. These signals provide a fast and accurate control not only for hormone release but also for cell differentiation and survival, key aspects in islet physiology and pathology. Among the different categories of paracrine/autocrine signals, this review highlights the role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. In a manner similar to neurons, endocrine cells synthesize, accumulate, release neurotransmitters in the islet milieu, and possess receptors able to decode these signals. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of neurotransmitter/neuropetide signaling pathways present within the islet. Then, we focus on evidence supporting the concept that neurotransmitters/neuropeptides and their receptors are interesting new targets to preserve beta-cell function and mass. A greater understanding of how this network of signals works in physiological and pathological conditions would advance our knowledge of islet biology and physiology and uncover potentially new areas of pharmacological intervention. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
机译:胰岛控制全身葡萄糖体内平衡,因为他们反应,释放激素,的营养浓度的变化血液中。一直是关注的焦点在很长一段时间吗因为它是许多代谢有关疾病,包括糖尿病。胰岛细胞使用弄复杂系统内分泌、旁分泌和自分泌信号同步他们的活动。不仅提供一个快速和精确控制激素释放而且对细胞分化在胰岛生理和生存,关键方面病理旁分泌和自分泌信号,本文突显出神经递质和的作用神经肽。内分泌细胞合成、积累、释放神经递质在胰岛的环境拥有受体能够解码这些信号。在本文中,我们提供一个全面的神经递质/ neuropetide的描述信号通路在胰岛。然后,我们关注证据支持这个概念/神经肽和神经递质受体是保持有趣的新目标β细胞功能和质量。了解这个网络的信号在生理和病理工作条件会促进我们的胰岛的知识生物学和生理学和发现潜在的药理干预的新领域。2015年威利期刊、公司。

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