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首页> 外文期刊>SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles >Comparison of Permanent Magnet Rotor Designs for Different Vehicle Classes and Driving Scenarios: A Simulation Study
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Comparison of Permanent Magnet Rotor Designs for Different Vehicle Classes and Driving Scenarios: A Simulation Study

机译：永磁转子设计的比较不同的汽车类和驾驶场景:一个模拟研究

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The most important magnet layouts in rotors of hybrid permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) for electric vehicles are compared in a variety of characteristics. The effect of different rotor designs on the vehicle performance and energy consumption is evaluated for a small battery electric vehicle (BEV) for different drive cycles. With electromagnetic and mechanical Finite Element Method (FEM) calculations as well as a longitudinal vehicle simulation platform, the Torque, power, ripple, and noise characteristics The energy consumption in a small passenger vehicle The suitability for high-speed applications of the electric machine (EM) are simulated and compared. Five rotor types are included in the study, which represent the most seen designs in popular electric vehicles: V-Shape, Straight type, multilayer U-Shape, Spoke type, and Spoke+Straight type. As the methodical approach, the electric motor from the Toyota Prius 2004 is taken as base design and only the magnet arrangement in the rotor is varied. The rotors are equal in length, diameter, material selection, and magnet mass, only the arrangement of the magnets is varied. Hence a change in the performance of the EM can only be due to the magnet arrangement. It can be shown that noticeable differences between the designs exist and that the choice of the rotor plays an important role. The differences mainly result from the characteristic magnet flux shape in the air gap together with the different reluctances of each individual design. An evaluation of the results reveals that all types have their advantages and disadvantages without one design standing out very much in all disciplines. In the overall rating, the V-Shape slightly leads the ranking. It has the broadest area of high efficiency and, thus, the best energy consumption in a mixed driving scenario of a small BEV. Its energy consumption is 3.5% better than with the worst design, which is the Spoke type in this context. The Spoke type in turn has the highest peak power and torque, being 11%/13.5% better than the worst design in these disciplines. A disadvantage of the Spoke type is its low mechanical resilience against centrifugal forces, making this design not well suited for high-speed EM applications. The multilayer U-Shape design has the least torque production herein, while it has very low iron losses and noise (63% less cogging torque and 73% lower torque ripple than with the worst design) due to its particularly low air gap flux harmonics. This makes this design better suitable for high-speed EM where iron losses get more dominant over copper losses. The Straight type is the most versatile rotor design, having no very bad discipline and a good overall rating.
机译：最重要的的转子磁铁布局混合永磁同步机电动汽车永磁同步电动机进行了比较各种各样的特征。不同的转子设计性能评估和能源消耗小电池电动汽车(BEV)不同的驱动周期。机械有限元法(FEM)计算以及纵向车辆仿真平台,该转矩、功率、波纹能耗和噪声特性在一个小客运车辆的适应性高速电机的应用程序(EM)模拟和比较。包括在这项研究中,代表了哪一个大多数设计在流行的电动汽车:v字形,直类型、多层u形开口说话了类型和说话+直类型。方法,从丰田电动马达普锐斯设计,只有2004是作为基地转子磁铁的安排是不同的。转子是相等的长度,直径,材料选择和磁铁的质量,只有安排磁铁的多样。他们的性能只能是由于磁铁的安排。设计存在明显的差异转子的选择起着重要的作用。从磁铁通量的形状特征气隙的磁阻不同每一个设计。结果表明,所有类型的没有一个设计优点和缺点站在所有学科。综合评分,v字形稍微领先排名。效率,因此,最好的能源消耗在混合驱动的情况下的一个小贝福。能源消耗比的3.5%糟糕的设计,这是说在这个类型上下文。峰值功率和扭矩,11% / 13.5%更好这些学科最糟糕的设计。说类型的缺点是它的低机械弹性对离心力,这个设计不适合高速他们的应用程序。最小转矩生产,虽然它吗铁损和噪音很低(少63%吗齿槽定位转矩和转矩脉动比低73%由于其特别设计最差的)低气隙谐波通量。设计更好的适合高速EM铁损失越来越占主导地位在铜损失。直型是最多才多艺的转子设计,没有非常糟糕的纪律和良好的整体评级。

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