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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Cellular Physiology >An update on transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta): sources, types, functions and clinical applicability for cartilage/bone healing.
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An update on transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta): sources, types, functions and clinical applicability for cartilage/bone healing.

机译：转化生长因子的更新(及):来源、类型和功能为软骨和骨的临床适用性愈合。

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Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has been reviewed for its sources, types of isoforms, biochemical effects on cartilage formation/repair, and its possible clinical applications. Purification of three isoforms (TGF-beta-1, beta-2 and beta-3) and their biochemical characterization revealed mainly their homo-dimer nature, with heterodimers in traces, each monomer comprised of 112 amino acids and MW. of 12 500 Da. While histo-chemical staining by a variety of dyes has revealed precise localization of TGF-beta in tissues, immune-blot technique has thrown light on their expression as a function of age (neonatal vs. adult), as also on its quantum in an active and latent state. X-ray crystallographic studies and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis have unraveled mysteries of their three-dimensional structures, essential for understanding their functions. Their similarities have led to interchangeability in assays, while differences have led to their specialized clinical applicability. For this purpose, their latent (inactive) form is changed to an active form through enzymatic processes of phosphorylation/glycosylation/transamination/proteolytic degradation. Their functions encompass differentiation and de-differentiation of chondrocytes, synthesis of collagen and proteoglycans (PGs) and thereby maintain homeostasis of cartilage in several degenerative diseases and repair through cell cycle signaling and physiological control. While several factors affecting their performance are already identified, their interplay and chronology of sequences of functions is yet to be understood. For its success in clinical applications, challenges in judicious dealing with the factors and their interplay need to be understood.
机译：转化生长因子(及)综述了它的来源,类型的亚型,生化影响软骨形成/修理,及其可能的临床应用程序。(TGF-beta-1 beta 2和β3)和他们的主要生化特征显示homo-dimer自然形成的痕迹,每个单体由112个氨基酸组成的和兆瓦。由多种染料染色精确的定位及组织,immune-blot技术扔光在他们表达式作为年龄的函数(新生儿vs。成年),也在积极和其量子潜伏状态。核磁共振(NMR)分析解开神秘的三维结构,了解他们所必需的功能。在化验可交换性,而不同导致了他们的专业临床吗适用性。(不活跃)形式更改为一个活跃的形式通过酶的过程

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