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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Cellular Physiology >Mitochondria, the killer organelles and their weapons.
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Mitochondria, the killer organelles and their weapons.

机译：细胞器和线粒体,杀手武器。

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摘要

Apoptosis is a cell-autonomous mode of death that is activated to eradicate superfluous, damaged, mutated, or aged cells. In addition to their role as the cell's powerhouse, mitochondria play a central role in the control of apoptosis. Thus, numerous pro-apoptotic molecules act on mitochondria and provoke the permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes. Soluble proteins contained in the mitochondrial intermembrane space are released through the outer membrane and participate in the organized destruction of the cell. Several among these lethal proteins can activate caspases, a class of cysteine proteases specifically activated in apoptosis, whereas others act in a caspase-independent fashion, by acting as nucleases (e.g., endonuclease G), nuclease activators (e.g., apoptosis-inducing factor), or serine proteases (e.g., Omi/HtrA2). In addition, mitochondria can generate reactive oxygen species, following uncoupling and/or inhibition of the respiratory chain. The diversity of mitochondrial factors participating in apoptosis emphasizes the central role of these organelles in apoptosis control and unravels novel mechanisms of cell death execution.
机译：细胞凋亡是一种细胞自动的死亡方式被激活来消除多余的,损坏,突变,或衰老细胞。线粒体作为细胞的动力源泉,发挥控制细胞凋亡的关键作用。众多pro-apoptotic分子采取行动线粒体和引发的透化作用线粒体膜。包含在线粒体膜间隙通过外膜和空间被释放参与组织的破坏细胞。半胱氨酸蛋白酶的激活还存在,一个类特别是激活细胞凋亡,而其他人在caspase-independent时尚,作为核酸酶(如酶G),核酸酶活化剂(例如,凋亡诱导因素)或丝氨酸蛋白酶(如Omi / HtrA2)。此外,线粒体可以产生反应拆开后,氧物种和/或呼吸链的抑制。线粒体参与的因素的多样性在细胞凋亡强调的核心作用细胞器的细胞凋亡控制和崩溃小说的细胞死亡机制执行。

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