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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research, A. Space Physics: JGR >Correcting moments of in situ particle distribution functions for spacecraft electrostatic charging
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Correcting moments of in situ particle distribution functions for spacecraft electrostatic charging

机译：原位校正的时刻粒子分布函数的宇宙飞船静电充电

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摘要

We first introduce previous works on spacecraft electrostatic charging and its effects on particle measurements and the calculation of moments from three-dimensional distribution functions. We illustrate the fact that the lack of use, or misuse, of Liouville’s theorem may lead to misinterpretations and inappropriate corrections to those effects. We emphasize in particular that its appropriate use naturally accounts forwhat is often called the “sheath focusing effect” in moment calculation. In the case of a “perfect” particle detector we show that there exists a trivial and essentially exact formulation for the calculation of moments of particle distribution functions that accounts for the spacecraft potential and that is particularly useful for onboard moment calculations. The main limitations, but that are not specific to this formulation, are inaccuracies in angle information (from blurring of acceptance angles at low energies or spacecraft-skimming trajectory effects) and those arising from the detector properties (resolution, cutoffs, photoelectrons, etc.). We discuss this correction in the context of previous works and remind that it primarily affects low-energy measurements and for populations whose temperature is comparable to the potential. Based on spacecraft observations,we show that this correction is most needed for regimes such as that of solar wind electrons but also for cold ions as often observed, for instance, in the magnetosphere near the Earth’s magnetopause.
机译：我们首先介绍之前的飞船静电充电及其影响粒子测量和计算时刻从三维分布功能。使用或滥用,刘维定理导致误解和不恰当的修正这些影响。特定的自然,它的合理使用账户——通常被称为“鞘聚焦效应”在时刻的计算。“完美”的粒子探测器我们节目存在一个简单和基本准确公式计算的时刻占粒子分布函数宇宙飞船的潜力和特别用于机载计算。限制,但不具体配方,在角不准确信息(从模糊的接受角度在低能量下或spacecraft-skimming轨迹影响)和那些因探测器属性(分辨率、切断、光电子等等)。先前的工作,提醒它为主影响低能量测量和人口的温度相当的潜力。观察,我们表明,该修正需要等政权的太阳风电子也经常冷离子观察,例如,在附近的磁气圈地球的磁层。

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