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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of xcience and technology policy >1 Introduction
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1 Introduction

机译：1介绍

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Public support of efforts to transfer technology from federal agencies to private and public organizations has long had bipartisan support from both Congress and the White House. The Federal Government invests approximately $150 billion annually in research and development (R&D) conducted at federal laboratories, universities, and other research organizations. For the United States to maintain its position as the leader in global innovation, bring products to market more quickly, grow the economy, and maintain a strong national security innovation base, it is essential to optimize technology transfer and support programs to increase the return on investment (ROI) from federally funded R&D. Passage of the Bayh-Dole and Stevenson-Wydler Acts in 1980 permitted commercialization of federally funded research, and led to an increase in university and federal lab technology transfer and the establishment of technology transfer offices to commercialize research through patents, licenses, and start-ups. There was also a concomitant increase in academic and public policy interest in assessing the economic impact and effectiveness of university technology transfer, and a large literature now exists on its quantitative impacts.
机译：努力转移技术的公众支持从私人和公共的联邦机构组织长期以来获得了两党支持国会和白宫。联邦政府投资约150美元每年数十亿的研究和发展(R&D)在联邦实验室进行,大学和其他研究机构。对美国保持地位全球领先的创新,使产品更快地推向市场,经济的增长,保持一个强大的国家安全创新基地,它是至关重要的优化技术转让和支持项目增加从联邦政府资助的投资回报率(ROI)研发。1980年允许Stevenson-Wydler行为联邦政府资助的研究的商业化,并导致大学和联邦的增加实验室技术转让和建立技术转让办公室商业化研究通过专利、许可证和初创企业。在学术和公共政策的兴趣评估经济影响和有效性大学技术转移,和一个大文学现在存在于其定量影响。

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