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Individual Differences in Cortical Processing Speed Predict Cognitive Abilities: a Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Account

机译：个体差异在皮质处理速度预测认知能力:一个基于模型认知神经科学的账户

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摘要

Previous research has shown that individuals with greater cognitive abilities display a greater speed of higher-order cognitive processing. These results suggest that speeded neural information processing may facilitate evidence accumulation during decision making and memory updating and thus yield advantages in general cognitive abilities. We used a hierarchical Bayesian cognitive modeling approach to test the hypothesis that individual differences in the velocity of evidence accumulation mediate the relationship between neural processing speed and cognitive abilities. We found that a higher neural speed predicted both the velocity of evidence accumulation across behavioral tasks and cognitive ability test scores. However, only a negligible part of the association between neural processing speed and cognitive abilities was mediated by individual differences in the velocity of evidence accumulation. The model demonstrated impressive forecasting abilities by predicting 36% of individual variation in cognitive ability test scores in an entirely new sample solely based on their electrophysiological and behavioral data. Our results suggest that individual differences in neural processing speed might affect a plethora of higher-order cognitive processes, that only in concert explain the large association between neural processing speed and cognitive abilities, instead of the effect being entirely explained by differences in evidence accumulation speeds.
机译：之前的研究表明,个体更大的认知能力显示更大高阶认知加工速度。结果表明,加速神经信息处理可能促进证据积累更新和在决策和记忆因此收益率一般认知优势的能力。认知建模方法来测试假设个体差异证据积累速度调节神经处理速度和之间的关系认知能力。神经速度预测的速度在行为任务和证据积累认知能力测试成绩。可以忽略不计的一部分神经之间的联系处理速度和认知能力由个体差异证据的积累速度。展示了令人印象深刻的预测能力预测个体变异的36%在一个全新的认知能力测试成绩样品仅仅基于电生理和行为数据。个体差异在神经处理速度可能会影响大量的高阶认知解释的大过程,只有在音乐会神经处理速度和之间的联系认知能力,相反的效果完全解释差异的证据积累的速度。

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