New Measurement of the Vertical Atmospheric Density Profile From Occultations of the Crab Nebula With X-Ray Astronomy Satellites Suzaku and Hitomi

Satoru Katsuda; Hitoshi Fujiwara; Yoshitaka IshisakiMaeda YoshitomoKoji MoriYuko MotizukiKosuke SatoMakoto S. TashiroYukikatsu Terada

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New Measurement of the Vertical Atmospheric Density Profile From Occultations of the Crab Nebula With X-Ray Astronomy Satellites Suzaku and Hitomi

机译：新测量的垂直大气密度轮廓掩星的螃蟹与x射线天文卫星Suzaku望远镜和星云什么啊

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We present new measurements of the vertical density profile of the Earth's atmosphere at altitudes between 70 and 200 km, based on Earth occultations of the Crab Nebula observed with the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer onboard Suzaku and the hard X-ray Imager onboard Hitomi. X-ray spectral variation due to the atmospheric absorption is used to derive tangential column densities of the absorbing species, that is, N and O including atoms and molecules, along the line of sight. The tangential column densities are then inverted to obtain the atmospheric number density. The data from 219 occultation scans at low latitudes in both hemispheres from September 15, 2005 to March 26, 2016 are analyzed to generate a single, highly averaged (in both space and time) vertical density profile. The density profile is in good agreement with the Naval-Research-Laboratory's-Mass-Spectrometer-Incoherent-Scatter-Radar-Extended (NRLMSISE-00) model, except for the altitude range of 70-110 km, where the measured density is ~50% smaller than the model. Such a deviation is consistent with the recent measurement with the SABER aboard the TIMED satellite (Cheng et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040341). Given that the NRLMSISE-00 model was constructed some time ago, the density decline could be due to the radiative cooling/contracting of the upper atmosphere as a result of greenhouse warming in the troposphere. However, we cannot rule out a possibility that the NRL model is simply imperfect in this region. We also present future prospects for the upcoming Japan-US X-ray astronomy satellite, X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), which will allow us to measure atmospheric composition with unprecedented spectral resolution of ΔE ~ 5 eV in 0.3-12 keV.

机译：我们现在新的测量垂直地球大气层的密度轮廓海拔70至200公里,基于地球蟹状星云的掩星观测到的x射线成像光谱仪机载Suzaku望远镜和硬x射线成像上什么啊。由于大气吸收变化用于获得切向列的密度吸收的物种,包括N和O原子和分子,沿着视线。切向列密度然后倒获得大气数密度。从219年掩星扫描在低纬度地区两个半球从2005年9月15日到3月分析了2016来生成一个高度平均垂直(空间和时间)密度剖面。协议

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《Journal of Geophysical Research, A. Space Physics: JGR》 |2021年第4期|e2020JA028886-1-e2020JA028886-20|共20页
作者
Satoru Katsuda; Hitoshi Fujiwara; Yoshitaka IshisakiMaeda YoshitomoKoji MoriYuko MotizukiKosuke SatoMakoto S. TashiroYukikatsu Terada;
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作者单位

Graduate School of Science and Engineering,Saitama University,Sakura,Saitama,Japan;

Faculty of Science and Technology,Seikei University,Tokyo,Japan;

Department of Physics,Tokyo Metropolitan University,Hachioji,Tokyo,JapanInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS),Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA),Sagamihara,Kanagawa,JapanDepartment of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering,University of Miyazaki,Miyazaki,Japan;

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正文语种英语
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Crab nebula; vertical; density profilesOCCULTATIONSsatellitessoil airatmospheric densityatmospheric attenuation;

机译：蟹状星云;垂直;密度profilesOCCULTATIONSsatellitessoil airatmosphericdensityatmospheric衰减;

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New Measurement of the Vertical Atmospheric Density Profile From Occultations of the Crab Nebula With X-Ray Astronomy Satellites Suzaku and Hitomi

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