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首页> 外文期刊>Current medicinal chemistry-Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents.Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents >New Oral Antihistamines in Pediatrics and Safety of Antihistamines in Children
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New Oral Antihistamines in Pediatrics and Safety of Antihistamines in Children

机译：新的口服抗组胺药在儿科和安全儿童的抗组胺药

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摘要

H1 antihistamines are first line drugs in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria and widely used in children as well as in adults. Although first-generation antihistamines are effective in relieving allergic symptoms, they are not preferred because of their sedative side effects. The earliest "second generation" antihistamines, terfenadine and astemizole, non-sedating alternatives to the first generation counterparts are not commonly used due to their potential arythmogenic effects. The newer second-generation antihistamines such as loratadine, fexofenadine, mizo-lastine, ebastine, cetirizine, levocetirizine and desloratadine have been shown to be efficacious and well tolerated with additional anti-inflammatory effects and lacking cardiotoxic potential activity in adults. The early treatment of atopic children study, the long term clinical trial with cetirizine of infants with atopic dermatitis demonstrated that cetirizine delayed the onset of asthma in patients sensitized to grass pollen or house dust mite; and also reduced the duration and the amount of topical steroids used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. In the Preventia I study, which was designed to evaluate the efficacy of loratadine in reducing the number of respiratory infections in young children at risk of recurrent infections, loratadine was not found to be significantly different from placebo. Both drugs were found to have a similar safety profile to that of placebo confirming their long-term use in infants and children. Pediatric formulation of desloratadine, which has favorable effect on nasal congestion, is marketed worldwide now. The effectiveness of new antihistamines in the treatment of urticaria in pediatric age group is based on extrapolation of adult studies performed in this area. Further studies with new antihistamines are needed for their evidence-based use in children with urticaria and atopic dermatitis.
机译：H1抗组胺药是第一线药物治疗过敏性鼻炎和慢性特发性荨麻疹和广泛应用于儿童以及在成人。抗组胺药是有效的缓解过敏症状,因为他们不是首选副作用的镇静剂。“第二代抗组胺药,terfenadine阿司咪唑,non-sedating替代第一代同行并不常见由于其潜在的arythmogenic影响使用。更新的第二代抗组胺药等ebastine,西替利嗪、levocetirizine和地氯雷他定已经被证明是有效的和额外的耐受性良好抗炎作用,缺乏cardiotoxic潜在的成人活动。儿童特应性的研究中,长期临床试验与西替利嗪的婴儿过敏性皮炎表明,西替利嗪延迟在患者致敏哮喘的发作草花粉或屋尘螨;持续时间和局部类固醇用于治疗过敏性皮炎。Preventia我研究设计评价氯雷他定的疗效降低呼吸道感染的数量儿童复发性感染的风险,氯雷他定不显著不同于安慰剂。与安慰剂相似的安全性吗确认他们在婴儿和长期使用的孩子。这对鼻塞有有利的影响,现在全球市场。新的抗组胺药治疗荨麻疹儿童年龄组是基于推断成人在这个领域进行研究。需要研究新的抗组胺药他们以证据为基础的儿童使用荨麻疹和过敏性皮炎。

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