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Nanomaterial in liquid biofuel production:applications and current status

机译：纳米材料在液体生物燃料生产:应用和现状

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摘要

Demand for alternative and renewable sources of energy is gaining worldwide attention due to fast depletion of fossil fuels and growing population.At present the global needs of energy are largely fulfilled by fossil fuels resulting into their depletion.However,the burning of fossil fuels contributes towards environmental issues like global warming and pollution.Biofuels like bioethanol and biodiesel are gaining popularity worldwide due to being renewable,eco-friendly and environmentally safe.Lignocellulosic biomass is available in plenty and can be transformed into bioethanol by steps including pretreatment,hydrolysis and fermentation.Various physical,chemical and biological pretreatments are used for making biomass accessible for enzymatic hydrolysis,however,these approaches are having some limitations which can be overcomes by alternative,cost-effective and environmental friendly technologies like nanotechnology.In enzymatic hydrolysis process,magnetic nanoparticles can be used for immobilization of enzymes,which makes the process more effective.The microorganisms can also be immobilized in various matrix including magnetic nanoparticles,which can enhance ethanol production.Moreover,magnetic nanomaterials can be recycled by using magnetic field and can be reused again.Nanocatalyst can also be employed in transesterification process for biodiesel production and for ameliorating the yields.Nanotechnology can play a key role in biofuel production by reducing processing cost and enhancing productivity.The present review discusses the role of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in pretreatment,enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation steps during bioethanol production,and in transesterification for enhancing efficiency of the biodiesel production process.
机译：可替代和可再生能源的需求能量是由于快速获得世界范围内的关注消耗的化石燃料和增长人口。主要是由化石燃料产生的满足到他们的损耗。化石燃料对环境的贡献全球变暖以及污染等问题。生物乙醇和生物柴油等获得全球由于受欢迎可再生、环保和环境安全的。很多,可以转化为生物乙醇步骤包括预处理、水解发酵。生物预处理用于制作生物质可用于酶水解,然而,这些方法一些可以克服的局限性选择,成本效益和环境友好的技术如纳米技术。酶法水解过程中,磁纳米颗粒可以用于固定酶,使更多的过程有效。各矩阵包括磁性固定化纳米粒子,可以提高乙醇生产。通过使用磁场,可以回收重复使用一次。生物柴油酯交换过程生产和改善的收益率。生物燃料生产降低加工成本和提高生产力。讨论了纳米技术和的作用纳米材料在预处理、酶在水解和发酵步骤生物乙醇生产,在酯交换为提高生物柴油的效率生产过程。

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