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Recent advances in satellite mapping of global air quality: evidences during COVID-19 pandemic

机译：最新进展在卫星全球空气的映射质量:证据COVID-19大流行期间

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Abstract There was a significant decline in air pollution in different parts of the world due to enforcement of lockdown by many countries to check the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, commercial and industrial activities had been limited globally with restricted air and surface traffic movements in response to social distancing and isolation. Both satellite remote sensing and ground-based monitoring were used to measure the change in the air quality. There was momentous decline in the averaged concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4) and aerosols. Many cities across India, China and several major cities in Europe observed strong reductions in nitrogen dioxide levels dropping by around 40–50% owing to lockdowns. Similarly, concentrations of SO2 in polluted areas in India, especially around large coal-fired power plants and industrial areas decreased by around 40% as evidenced by the comparative satellite mapping during April 2019 and April 2020. Recent advances in sensors on board various satellites played a significant role in real-time monitoring of emission regimes over various parts of the world. The satellite data is relying upon single scene profusion for real-time air quality measurements, and also using averaged dataset over certain time-period. The daily global-scale remote sensing data of NO2, as measured through the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (S5p/TROPOMI) of European Space Agency (ESA), indicated exceptional decreases in tropospheric NO2?pollution in urban areas. Similarly, Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, with a repeat cycle of three days helped in assessing the sources and sinks of CO2 and CH4 on a sub-continental scale.
机译：摘要在空气中出现了明显下降污染在世界不同地区由于许多国家实施封锁检查冠状病毒的传播(COVID-19)大流行。全球工业活动已经有限交通限制空气和表面运动为了应对社会距离和孤立。卫星遥感和地面监控是用来衡量的变化空气质量。平均的二氧化氮浓度(NO2),二氧化硫,二氧化碳(CO2)(二氧化硫),甲烷(CH4)和气溶胶。在印度、中国和几个主要城市欧洲观察强烈减少氮二氧化碳水平下降由于40 - 50%左右封锁。在印度污染地区,尤其是在大燃煤电厂和工业领域下降了40%左右就是明证2019年4月期间比较卫星地图2020年4月。各种卫星发挥了重要在实时监控的发射机制中的作用在世界的各个部分。数据依赖单一场景缤纷实时空气质量测量,和也使用平均数据在特定的时段。《每日全球范围的遥感数据通过哥白尼NO2,来衡量对流层Sentinel-5前兆监测仪器(S5p / TROPOMI)欧洲太空总署(ESA),显示异常减少对流层NO2吗?同样,温室气体观测卫星日本宇宙航空研究开发机构(损失),重复周期三天了评估二氧化碳和甲烷的源和汇陆运。

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