TGF-β signaling: A recap of SMAD-independent and SMAD-dependent pathways

Sabreena Aashaq; Asiya Batool; Shabir Ahmad MirMushtaq Ahmad BeighKhurshid Iqbal AndrabiZaffar Amin Shah

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TGF-β signaling: A recap of SMAD-independent and SMAD-dependent pathways

机译：转化生长因子-β信号:SMAD-independent和回顾SMAD-dependent通路

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Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a proinflammatory cytokine known to control a diverse array of pathological and physiological conditions during normal development and tumorigenesis. TGF-β-mediated physiological effects are heterogeneous and vary among different types of cells and environmental conditions. TGF-β serves as an antiproliferative agent and inhibits tumor development during primary stages of tumor progression; however, during the later stages, it encourages tumor development and mediates metastatic progression and chemoresistance. The fundamental elements of TGF-β signaling have been divulged more than a decade ago; however, the process by which the signals are relayed from cell surface to nucleus is very complex with additional layers added in tumor cell niches. Although the intricate understanding of TGF-β-mediated signaling pathways and their regulation are still evolving, we tried to make an attempt to summarize the TGF-β-mediated SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent pathways. This manuscript emphasizes the functions of TGF-β as a metastatic promoter and tumor suppressor during the later and initial phases of tumor progression respectively.

机译：转化生长因子-β(TGF -β)促炎细胞因子控制不同的病理和生理在正常的发展和条件肿瘤发生。影响异构和变化不同类型的细胞和环境条件。代理期间和抑制肿瘤的发展肿瘤恶化的主要阶段;在后期,它鼓励肿瘤发展和介导转移性进展和药物抗性。转化生长因子-β信号泄露一个多十年前;信号从细胞表面传递到细胞核非常复杂的添加了额外的层在吗肿瘤细胞。理解TGF -β介导的信号途径及其调控仍在不断发展,我们试图试图总结TGF -β介导SMAD-dependent和SMAD-independent通路。强调了TGF -β作为转移性的函数启动子和肿瘤抑制和初始阶段的肿瘤进展分别。

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《Journal of cellular physiology.》 |2022年第1期|59-85|共27页
作者
Sabreena Aashaq; Asiya Batool; Shabir Ahmad MirMushtaq Ahmad BeighKhurshid Iqbal AndrabiZaffar Amin Shah;
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作者单位

Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences;

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正文语种英语
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关键词
chemoresistance; metastasis; Tumor ProgressionAngiogenesiscell typeTransforming Growth Factor betaTumor Suppressor GenesSignal TransductionCell Surface;

机译：药物抗性;转移;肿瘤ProgressionAngiogenesiscell typeTransforming生长因子betaTumor抑制GenesSignalTransductionCell表面;

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机译：TGF-β和TGF-β信号受体在乳腺癌发生中的作用

TGF-β signaling: A recap of SMAD-independent and SMAD-dependent pathways

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