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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of cellular physiology. >Resistance to immunotherapy in human malignancies: Mechanisms, research progresses, challenges, and opportunities
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Resistance to immunotherapy in human malignancies: Mechanisms, research progresses, challenges, and opportunities

机译：抗免疫治疗人类恶性肿瘤:机制、研究进展、挑战,机会

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摘要

Despite remarkable advances in different types of cancer therapies, an effective therapeutic strategy is still a major and significant challenge. One of the most promising approaches in this regard is immunotherapy, which takes advantage of the patients' immune system; however, the many mechanisms that cancerous cells harbor to extend their survival make it impossible to gain perfect eradication of tumors. The response rate to cancer immunotherapies, especially checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T cell therapy, substantially differs in various cancer types with the highest rates in advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Indeed, the lack of response in many tumors indicates primary resistance that can originate from either tumor cells (intrinsic) or tumor micro-environment (extrinsic). On the other hand, some tumors show an initial response to immunotherapy followed by relapse in few months (acquired resistance). Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance makes it possible to develop effective strategies to overcome this hurdle and boost therapy outcomes. In this review, we take a look at immunotherapy strategies and go through a number of primary and acquired resistance mechanisms. Also, we present various ongoing methods to overcoming resistance and introduce some promising fields to improve the outcome of immunotherapy in patients affected with cancer.
机译：尽管不同类型的的巨大进步癌症治疗,一种有效的治疗战略仍然是一个主要的和重要的挑战。在这方面是免疫疗法,利用病人的免疫系统;然而,许多癌细胞的机制港来扩展他们的生存不可能获得完美的消灭肿瘤。癌症免疫疗法的反应率,特别是检查点抑制剂和收养T细胞疗法,实质上在各不同率最高的癌症类型黑色素瘤和非小细胞肺癌。在许多肿瘤表明缺乏反应主要的阻力也源自肿瘤细胞(内在)或肿瘤微环境(外在)。一些肿瘤显示初始响应免疫治疗后复发的几个月(获得性耐药)。免疫疗法的潜在的分子机制电阻可以有效的发展和提高策略来克服这个障碍治疗的结果。在免疫治疗策略和经历小学和获得性耐药机制。方法来克服阻力和介绍一些有前途的领域改善的结果与癌症免疫疗法的病人的影响。

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