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首页> 外文期刊>Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology. >Insights into the evolution of bacterial flagellar motors from high‐throughput in situ in situ electron cryotomography and subtomogram averaging
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Insights into the evolution of bacterial flagellar motors from high‐throughput in situ in situ electron cryotomography and subtomogram averaging

机译：洞察细菌鞭毛的进化汽车在原地原位高吞吐量电子cryotomography subtomogram平均

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摘要

In situ structural information on molecular machines can be invaluable in understanding their assembly, mechanism and evolution. Here, the use of electron cryotomography (ECT) to obtain significant insights into how an archetypal molecular machine, the bacterial flagellar motor, functions and how it has evolved is described. Over the last decade, studies using a high‐throughput, medium‐resolution ECT approach combined with genetics, phylogenetic reconstruction and phenotypic analysis have revealed surprising structural diversity in flagellar motors. Variations in the size and the number of torque‐generating proteins in the motor visualized for the first time using ECT has shown that these variations have enabled bacteria to adapt their swimming torque to the environment. Much of the structural diversity can be explained in terms of scaffold structures that facilitate the incorporation of additional motor proteins, and more recent studies have begun to infer evolutionary pathways to higher torque‐producing motors. This review seeks to highlight how the emerging power of ECT has enabled the inference of ancestral states from various bacterial species towards understanding how, and `why', flagellar motors have evolved from an ancestral motor to a diversity of variants with adapted or modified functions.
机译：原位分子结构信息机器可以在了解他们是无价的组装、机制和演化。电子cryotomography (ECT)获得重要的深入了解一个原型分子机器,细菌鞭毛马达,功能和它如何演化。在过去的十年里,研究使用高吞吐量、高分辨率区域中等方法结合遗传学、系统发育重建和表型分析显示惊人的结构的多样性鞭毛马达。电动机转矩量生成蛋白质的数量可视化首次使用等这些变化使细菌他们游泳扭矩适应环境。大部分的结构多样性可以解释支架结构,方便额外的马达蛋白的结合,最近的研究已开始推断进化历程更高扭矩生产马达。新兴的力量等使得推理的祖先从各种细菌物种对了解“为什么”,鞭毛马达从一个祖先的进化电动机与改编或变异的多样性修改功能。

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