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Biocapacity, human capital, and ecological footprint in G7 countries: the moderating role of urbanization and necessary lessons for emerging economies

机译：Biocapacity、人力资本和生态在七国集团的足迹:缓和的作用对于新兴城市化和必要的教训经济体

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摘要

Decreasing biocapacity, accompanied by increasing ecological footprint (EF) and urbanization, is the core environmental challenge that the G7 countries have to contend with, despite enjoying tremendous growth for decades. As such, this study scrutinizes the influence of biocapacity, human capital, and urbanization on the EF with an advance technique that addresses core panel data issues with the ability to show country-specific results. The findings suggest that biocapacity, economic growth, and urbanization increase the EF, while human capital reduces it. Also, the coefficient of the interaction between urbanization and economic growth turns out negative inferring that as economic growth persists, urbanization attains the desired level required to decrease the EF. Biocapacity increases the EF in all the countries except in Canada. Further findings showed that urbanization is not particularly harmful in Canada, Japan, and the UK; however, its impact remains devastating in the USA, Germany, Italy, and France. A feedback causality exists between human capital, EF, urbanization, and economic growth. Relevant policy recommendations, directions for future research, limitations of the study, as well as potential lessons for emerging economies, are discussed.
机译：减少biocapacity,伴随着增加生态足迹(EF)和城市化七国集团的核心环境挑战国家不得不面对,尽管享受巨大的增长几十年。研究审查biocapacity的影响,人力资本,在英孚的城市化推进技术,核心面板数据地址由于显示特定的问题结果。经济增长和城市化增加了英孚,而人力资本减少。系数之间的交互城市化和经济增长消极推断,随着经济增长持续下去,城市化达到期望的水平需要减少EF。除了增加了英孚在所有国家加拿大。不是特别有害的在加拿大、日本和英国;在美国、德国、意大利和法国。反馈人力资本之间存在因果关系,EF、城市化和经济增长。政策建议,为未来的方向研究,研究的局限性,以及潜在的新兴经济体,教训进行了讨论。

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