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Optical properties of deep ice at the South Pole: Scattering

机译：南极深冰的光学特性：散射

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Recently, absorption and scattering at depths 800-1000 m in South Pole ice have been studied with transit-time distributions of pulses from a variable-frequency laser sent between emitters and receivers embedded in the ice. At 800 - 1000 m, scattering is independent of wavelength and the scattering centers are air bubbles of size much greater than wavelength. At 1500-2000 m it is predicted that all bubbles will have transformed into air-hydrate clathrate crystals and that scattering occurs primarily at dust grains, at liquid acids concentrated along three-crystal boundaries, and at salt grains. Scattering on decorated dislocations, at ice-ice boundaries, and at hydrate-ice boundaries will be of minor importance. Scattering from liquid acids in veins at three-crystal boundaries goes as similar to lambda(-1) to similar to lambda(-2) and should show essentially no depth dependence. Scattering from dust grains goes as similar to lambda(-2) and should show peaks at depths of similar to 1050, similar to 1750, and similar to 2200 m in South Pole ice. If marine salt grains remain undissolved, they will scatter like insoluble dust grains. Refraction at ice-ice boundaries and at hydrate-ice boundaries is manifested by a multitude of small-angle scatters, independent of wavelength. The largest contribution to Rayleigh-like scattering is likely due to dislocations decorated discontinuously with impurities. Freshly grown laboratory ice exhibits a large Rayleigh-like scattering that we attribute to the much higher density of decorated dislocations than in glacial ice. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America.
机译：最近，已经研究了南极冰在800-1000 m深度的吸收和散射，并利用了嵌入在冰中发射器和接收器之间的变频激光的脉冲传播时间分布。在800-1000 m处，散射与波长无关，并且散射中心是气泡，其大小远大于波长。预计在1500-2000 m处，所有气泡都将转变为空气水合物的笼形晶体，并且散射主要发生在尘埃颗粒，沿三晶体边界集中的液态酸和盐颗粒处。在装饰性位错，冰冰边界和水合物冰边界处的散射将具有较小的重要性。在三晶体边界处的静脉中液态酸的散射与lambda（-1）相似，而与lambda（-2）相似，并且应该基本上不显示深度依赖性。在南极冰中，尘埃颗粒的散射与lambda（-2）相似，并且应该在类似于1050，类似于1750和类似于2200 m的深度处显示峰值。如果海盐颗粒不溶解，它们将像不溶性尘埃颗粒一样散开。在冰冰边界和水合物冰边界处的折射通过与波长无关的多个小角度散射来体现。类位瑞利散射的最大贡献可能是由于位错不连续地装饰有杂质。新鲜生长的实验室冰表现出大的瑞利状散射，这归因于装饰性位错的密度比冰川冰中的密度高得多。 （C）1997年美国眼镜学会。

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