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Great Snipes in sub-Saharan Africa: seasonal patterns of abundance, moult and body mass in relation to age and sex

机译:沙在撒哈拉以南非洲地区:季节性模式的丰富,蜕皮和体重与年龄和性别的关系

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Great Snipes Gallinago media spend about eight months per year in sub-Saharan Africa, but most aspects of their non-breeding ecology are poorly known. We analysed the seasonal pattern of appearance, flight feather moult (primaries and secondaries), and body mass in relation to age and sex, based on 3,247 birds collected by hunters in 1990-2000 in Benin, Gabon, Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Adult males arrived in Africa from mid-August with a suspended flight feather moult. Adult females on average arrived somewhat later, and were about one month behind in the progress of flight feather moult. The adults of both sexes resumed moult immediately upon arrival. Flight feather moult was generally completed by the end of November in males, and end of December in females. Juvenile Great Snipes arrived later than adults and did not moult their flight feathers. The temporal pattern of occurrence at the different study sites suggests a general relocation of snipes from West Africa to Central Africa in October-December. Body masses did not differ between age groups and were generally low from August to February (155-170 g in males and 165-185 g in females). Males apparently departed northwards from late March to late April, and the females about two weeks later. Prior to departure, body mass increased on average with about 50 g (in both sexes), suggesting a departure fuel load of 31-33% above lean body mass. In periods of high and stable mass increase, fuel was deposited at rates of about 0.8-1.3 g/d (or 0.5-0.8% of lean body mass/d).The heaviest males and females had a total body mass of 242 and 250 g, respectively. This kind of traditional natural history data forms an important complement to the new type of data emerging from modern tracking techniques.
机译:沙Gallinago媒体花大约八个月每年在撒哈拉以南非洲,但大多数方面的非生态不足已知的。外观,飞羽蜕皮(初选和次要的人),体重和年龄的关系和性,基于收集的3247只鸟猎人在1990 - 2000年在贝宁、加蓬、喀麦隆和刚果民主共和国。从8月中旬抵达非洲暂停飞羽蜕皮。平均到达之后,有关一个月在飞行的进步羽毛蜕皮。脱毛后立即到来。脱毛一般都是年底完成在男性11月,12月的结束女性。成人和飞羽不脱毛。时间模式的出现不同的网站研究显示一般搬迁的崇拜者们从西非到中央非洲毁约。不同年龄组之间普遍偏低从8月到2月(在男性和155 - 170克165 - 185 g女性)。向北从3月下旬到4月下旬,女性大约两周后。离开,平均体重增加约50克(男女),暗示离开燃料31 - 33%以上瘦身体的负荷质量。增加,燃料是沉积速率有关0.8 - -1.3 g / d(0.5或-0.8%的瘦体重/ d)。最重的男性和女性有一个总身体质量分别为242和250 g。传统的自然历史数据形成了重要的补充新的类型的数据从现代跟踪技术。

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