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Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD): Ethical Considerations for Psychologists

机译：临终医疗援助 （MAiD）：心理学家的伦理考虑

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摘要

Significant ethical challenges arise when mental health practitioners care for patients who seek to accelerate their own dying for rational medically valid reasons. Current and proposed laws provide for medical assistance in dying (MAiD) in several U.S. jurisdictions, all of Canada, and several other nations. Differing provisions of these laws complicate their utility for some patients who seek aid in dying. Some extant laws include roles that mental health professionals might play in assessing patients' competence or capacity to consent, mental illness, or other cognitive and behavioral factors. Practitioners who choose to accept roles in the MAiD process must consider and resolve a number of ethical challenges including potential conflicts between and among laws, ethical standards, third-party requests, personal values, and patients' wishes. These include becoming aware of patients who may wish to act independently to end their lives when MAiD laws might otherwise exclude them. Examples from actual cases and the resultant discussion will form a basis for exploration of the ethical and legal complexities confronted when psychologists become engaged in the process either intentionally or incidentally. The lead article (Koocher) is not intended to comprehensively address MAiD in all of its complexity but rather to trigger a thoughtful discussion among the accompanying commentaries.
机译：重要的伦理挑战时出现的精神卫生工作者照顾病人为rational加速自己的死亡医学上有效的原因。法律提供医疗援助的死亡(服务员)在几个美国司法管辖区,所有加拿大和其他国家。这些法律的规定使他们的效用寻求帮助的患者死亡。现存的法律包括角色的心理健康专业人士可能在评估病人的能力或能力同意,精神疾病,或者其他的认知和行为的因素。女仆过程中必须考虑和解决包括潜在的道德挑战之间的冲突和法律,道德标准,第三方请求,个人价值观,和病人的愿望。意识到病人可能希望采取行动独立地结束他们的生命当女佣的法律可能排除它们。实际情况和结果讨论形成一个基础的伦理和勘探法律心理学家时面临复杂性在这个过程中订婚故意或偶然。(库克尔)并不打算全面而是地址女仆的复杂性触发一个深思熟虑的讨论中附带的评论。

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