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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of work exposures and health. >Exposure to Particulate Matter and Respirable Crystalline Silica in Tunnel Construction Workers Using Tunnel Boring Machines
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Exposure to Particulate Matter and Respirable Crystalline Silica in Tunnel Construction Workers Using Tunnel Boring Machines

机译：使用隧道掘进机的隧道施工工人暴露于颗粒物和可吸入结晶二氧化硅的情况

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Objectives This study aimed to assess the exposure to a selection of aerosols and gases in the work environment for workers performing tunnel construction using tunnel boring machines (TBMs), to identify determinants of exposure based on the information available and to calculate robust estimates of exposure using a statistical model. The focus was particulate matter (PM) and respirable crystalline silica (RCS). In addition, concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), elemental carbon (EC), and oil mist were assessed. Methods Personal sampling was conducted from February 2017 to February 2019. PM in the thoracic and the respirable aerosol fractions was collected, and RCS was determined in the respirable aerosol fraction. Context information was collected on questionnaires. Because the workers could participate in the sampling more than once and multiple measurements were performed on the same date a mixed model was used in the analysis. Concentrations of PM and RCS are presented as estimated and measured geometric means (GM(est) and GM(mea)) and estimated arithmetic mean (AM(est)) in addition to the median. Measured concentrations of NO2, EC, and oil mist are presented as geometric means. Results A total of 290 and 289 personal samples of PM in the thoracic and respirable aerosol fractions were available for analysis, respectively. Work title/work location, type of work (production, maintenance, or a combination of the two), and date of sampling were identified as determinants of exposure. Workers in the front of the TBMs had the highest exposure to PM and RCS. The GM(est) of RCS exposure varied from 35 to 413 mu g m(-3) depending on the work title. The geometric standard deviations for measured RCS concentrations by work title ranged from 1.6 to 3.5. A total of 16 samples of NO2 and EC and 12 samples of oil mist were collected. Maximum values of NO2 and EC were 54 mu g m(-3) and 23 mu g m(-3), respectively. The maximum measured value of oil mist was 0.08 mg m(-3). Conclusions All TBM workers were exposed to PM and RCS. Exposure to RCS may be substantial, and workers in front of the TBM were exposed to the highest concentrations of both PM and RCS. A day-to-day variation was found, probably caused by differences in drilling activities. Preventive measures are warranted to keep the exposure to PM and consequently the exposure to RCS as low as possible to protect the health of workers in tunnel construction.
机译：目的本研究旨在评估风险悬浮微粒和气体的选择工作环境对工人进行隧道建筑使用隧道钻孔机(掘进机),确定因素暴露的基础上信息和计算健壮使用一个统计模型估计的接触。重点是可吸入颗粒物(PM)和能呼吸的石英(RCS)。二氧化氮(NO2)的浓度,元素碳(EC)和油雾评估。从2017年2月到2019年2月。胸和呼吸道气溶胶分数收集和RCS的决心能呼吸的气溶胶分数。在问卷调查收集。工人可以多参与抽样一次和多次测量进行混合模型使用相同的日期在分析。估计和测量几何意味着(通用(美国东部时间)和通用汽车(mea)和估计算术平均值(AM(美国东部时间))除了值。油雾了几何方法。结果共有290年和289年个人样本点的胸和呼吸道气溶胶分数进行分析是可行的,分别。工作(生产、维护或组合的两个),取样日期被确定暴露的决定因素。掘进机的接触点和最高RCS。413μg m(3)根据工作标题。几何测量的标准偏差通过工作标题RCS浓度范围从1.6到3.5。12个油雾收集样品。NO2和EC值54μμg m(3)和23个分别g m(3)。油雾的0.08毫克(3)。TBM工人接触点和RCS。RCS可能是实质性的,工人在前面TBM的接触到最高的浓度点和RCS。变异被发现,可能造成的不同的钻探活动。措施是必要的接触点因此暴露在RCS尽可能低保护工人的健康隧道施工。

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