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Single-Crystal Nickel-Based Cathodes: Fundamentals and Recent Advances

机译：单晶镍基阴极：基本原理和最新进展

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摘要

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) represent the most promising choice for meeting the ever-growing demand of society for various electric applications, such as electric transportation, portable electronics, and grid storage. Nickel-rich layered oxides have largely replaced LiCoO2 in commercial batteries because of their low cost, high energy density, and good reliability. Traditional nickel-based oxide particles, usually called polycrystal materials, are composed of microsized primary particles. However, polycrystal particles tend to suffer from pulverization and severe side reactions along grain boundaries during cycling. These phenomena accelerate cell degradation. Single-crystal materials, which exhibit robust mechanical strength and a high surface area, have great potential to address the challenges that hinder their polycrystal counterparts. A comprehensive understanding of the growing body of research related to single-crystal materials is imperative to improve the performance of cathodes in LIBs. This review highlights origins, recent developments, challenges, and opportunities for single-crystal layered oxide cathodes. The synthesis science behind single-crystal materials and comparative studies between single-crystal and polycrystal materials are discussed in detail. Industrial techniques and facilities are also reviewed in combination with our group's experiences in single-crystal research. Future development should focus on facile production with strong control of the particle size and distribution, structural defects, and impurities to fully reap the benefits of single-crystal materials.
机译：锂离子电池(LIBs)表示满足日益增长的有前途的选择为各种电动的社会需求应用程序,如电动交通工具,便携式电子设备和网格存储。Nickel-rich分层氧化物在很大程度上取代了因为他们的LiCoO2商业电池低成本、高的能量密度,好可靠性。粒子,通常被称为多晶体材料,是由小型化初级粒子。然而,多晶体粒子会从粉碎和严重的副反应在骑自行车沿着晶界。加速细胞退化现象。单晶材料表现强劲机械强度和高表面积,巨大的潜力来应对的挑战阻碍多晶体同行。全面的了解越来越多与单晶材料的研究必须改善的性能阴极在填词。最近的事态发展,挑战,单晶氧化层的机会阴极。单晶材料和比较研究单晶和多晶材料之间详细讨论了。和设施也结合了我们的集团在单晶的经历研究。简单生产,并有很强的控制颗粒大小和分布、结构缺陷,和杂质充分收获单晶材料的好处。

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