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Study on Factors Influencing Exhaust Emission Levels in Five Major Cities in Ghana

机译：加纳五大城市废气排放水平影响因素研究

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摘要

Road transport exhaust emissions represent the main sources of atmospheric pollution in urban areas, due to the growing number of vehicles and travelled distances. The study examined determinants of exhaust emission levels based on vehicle engine type and vehicle age and fuel type used at city level. This study adopted an explorative and descriptive research design. The study areas were Accra, Kumasi, Tema, Takoradi and Tamale. An exhaust Gas Analyzer was used to collect exhaust emissions from sample of 1,000 vehicles. The data was analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression to explain the significance of the emissions. The result shows that vehicles older than year 2000 have a 23% to 25% chance of increasing emission pollution compared to cars newer than 2006. Fifteen percent of the sample indicated that the type of fuel contributes to a significant amount of exhaust emission. Comparatively, emissions of CO_2, HC and CO from petrol engines are much higher in terms of value than the diesel engines. However, diesel engine produces high NOx compared to petrol engines. Vehicles in Accra and Kumasi produce more emissions than those of other cities. As means of mitigation measure, the regulatory bodies should enforce stringent emission legislation and regulation.
机译：道路交通废气排放表示城市大气污染的主要来源地区,由于越来越多的汽车和旅行的距离。废气排放水平的决定因素的基础上汽车发动机类型和车辆的年龄和燃料类型在城市的水平。探险的和描述性研究设计。研究领域是阿克拉,库马西,塔科腊迪特马和玉米粉蒸肉。从1000年的样本收集废气排放车辆。方差(方差分析)和回归来解释意义的排放。这车比2000年有23%25%的机会增加排放污染相比汽车更新超过2006。示例表明,类型的燃料导致大量的废气发射。并从汽油发动机有限公司要高得多比柴油发动机方面的价值。柴油机生产高氮相比汽油发动机。比其他的产生更多的碳排放城市。监管机构应严格执行排放立法和监管。

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