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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the European Economic Association >ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE FENCE: PROPERTY RIGHTS AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES
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ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE FENCE: PROPERTY RIGHTS AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES

机译：篱笆的另一边：美国的产权和生产力

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摘要

Can well-defined access rights to publicly owned land be as effective as privatization in increasing productivity and wealth? In this paper, I evaluate the impact of public property rights using the 1934 Taylor Grazing Act, which determined secure access rights for ranchers to newly created, large grazing districts in the Western United States. Using satellite-based vegetation data, I exploit spatial discontinuities across grazing district boundaries and find that public lands with well-defined access rights for ranchers are at least 10 more productive than lands without Immediately after establishing grazing districts, ranchers inside these districts held more cattle, and reported higher income and farm values than their counterparts outside. Despite ranchers being unable to invest in publicly owned lands, these magnitudes are similar to outright privatization. Instead, I argue that secure access rights resolve uncertainty around future usage and align the incentives of ranchers and regulators, thus incentivizing sustainable and profitable usage. I provide two results supporting this hypothesis: Areas with stronger pre-reform state capacity show larger increases in vegetation; and, monthly patterns on vegetation are consistent with the adoption of productivity-increasing fallowing practices. I investigate alternative explanations, and find no empirical support for differential initial productivity, negative spillovers, or systematic local manipulation of boundaries.
机译：可以定义访问权限国有吗土地私有化一样有效提高生产力和财富吗?纸,我评价公共财产的影响使用1934年泰勒放牧权利法案,该法案安全访问权限为农场主决定新创建的,大放牧的地区美国西部。植被数据,我利用空间在牧区不连续边界和发现公共土地定义良好的农场主在访问权限至少比土地更有效率10%后立即建立放牧地区,农场主在这些地区举行更多的牛,和更高的收入和农业报道值外面同行。无法投资于国有土地,这些大小完全相似私有化。访问权限解决不确定性的未来使用和牧场主的激励和一致监管机构,从而激励可持续和有利可图的用法。支持这一假说:更强的地区改革前的政府能力显示更大的增加在植被;植被与采用一致productivity-increasing休闲地实践。调查其他解释,找不到实证支持微分初始生产力,负面的溢出效应,或系统当地操作的边界。

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