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Engineering Growth

机译：工程增长

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摘要

This paper offers the first systematic historical evidence on the role of a central actor in modern growth theory: the engineer. We construct a database on the share of engineers in the labor force during the Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1914) at the county level for the United States and the state and national levels for the Americas. These measures are robustly correlated with income today after controlling for literacy, other types of higher-order human capital (college graduates, lawyers, physicians, patenting) and demand-side factors, as well as after instrumenting engineering using the 1862 US Land Grant Colleges program. Differences in engineering density in 1880 accounted for 10 of the higher US county incomes today, while national disparities in engineering density can explain approximately a quarter of the income divergence in the Americas. To document the mechanisms through which engineering density works, we show how it is correlated with higher rates of technology adoption and structural transformation across intermediate time periods and with numerous measures of the knowledge economy today.
机译：本文提供了第一个系统的历史证据在现代中心的演员的角色经济增长理论:工程师。数据库工程师的劳动的份额在第二次工业革命的力量县级(1870 - 1914)美国国家和国家和国家水平美洲。今天与收入在控制了识字,其他类型的高阶人力资本(大学毕业生,律师,医生,专利)和需求方面的因素,以及使用1862年美国后插装工程赠地学院计划。工程密度在1880年占10%今天我们县的收入越高,国家工程密度之间的差距解释大约四分之一的收入散度在美洲。通过该工程密度机制作品中,我们展示它是如何与更高技术采用的比例和结构在中间时间转换和许多措施的知识今天的经济。

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