Why railway passengers are more polluting in the peak than in the off-peak; environmental effects of capacity management by railway companies under conditions of fluctuating demand
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机译：Why railway passengers are more polluting in the peak than in the off-peak; environmental effects of capacity management by railway companies under conditions of fluctuating demand
Given the difference between peak and off-peak occupancy rates inpublic transport, the average emission per traveller kilometre islower in the peak than during the off-peak period. However, in thispaper it is argued that it is much more fruitful to analyseenvironmental effects in marginal than in average terms. The issueappears to depend to capacity management policies of public transportsuppliers that are facing increases in demand both during the peakand off-peak period. A detailed analysis of capacity management ofthe Netherlands Railways reveals that the off-peak capacity supply ismainly dictated by the demand levels during the peak period.
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