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Multiphase Polarization in Ion-Intercalation Nanofilms: General Theory Including Various Surface Effects and Memory Applications

机译:Multiphase Polarization in Ion-Intercalation Nanofilms: General Theory Including Various Surface Effects and Memory Applications

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摘要

Ion concentration polarization (CP, current-induced concentration gradientadjacent to a charge-selective interface) has been well studied for singlephasemixed conductors (e.g., liquid electrolyte), but multiphase CP has beenrarely addressed in literature. In our recent publication, we proposed that CPabove certain threshold currents can flip the phase distribution in multiphaseion-intercalation nanofilms sandwiched by ion-blocking electrodes. Thisphenomenon is known as multiphase polarization (MP). It is then proposedthat MP can further lead to nonvolatile interfacial resistive switching (RS) forasymmetric electrodes with ion-modulated electron transfer, which theory canreproduce the experimental results of LTO memristors. In this study, a comprehensive2D phase-field model is derived for coupled ion-electron transportin ion-intercalation materials, with surface effects including electron transferkinetics, non-neutral wetting, energy relaxation, and surface charge. Then, themodel is used to study MP. Time evolution of phase boundaries is presented,and analyze the switching time, current, energy, and cyclic voltammetry, forvarious boundary conditions. It is found that the switching performancecan be improved significantly by manipulating surface conditions and meanconcentration. Finally, the prospects of MP-based memories and possibleextensions of the current model is discussed.

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