Horizontal and vertical distribution of Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) including novel phylotypes in Japan identified by 18S rDNA metabarcoding

Funaki Hiroshi; Gaonkar Chetan Chandrakant; Kataoka TakafumiNishimura TomohiroTanaka KoukiYanagida IppeiAbe ShoutaYamaguchi HaruoNagasaki KeizoAdachi Masao

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Horizontal and vertical distribution of Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) including novel phylotypes in Japan identified by 18S rDNA metabarcoding

机译：Horizontal and vertical distribution of Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) including novel phylotypes in Japan identified by 18S rDNA metabarcoding

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The genus Gambierdiscus is a marine benthic/epiphytic dinoflagellate considered the causative agent of ciguatera poisoning (CP). Clarifying the geographical distribution of this genus to understand the potential risk of CP is important. Many studies have focused only on the species/phylotype composition of Gambierdiscus in shallow waters, but no study has investigated the species/phylotype composition of the genus in deep waters. In the present study, the distributions of Gambierdiscus species/phylotypes at two depths (2-8 and 30 m) and two sampling sites (temperate and subtropical) in Japan was investigated using high throughput sequencing (HTS) with a newly developed primer set that preferentially amplifies the 18S rDNA V8-V9 region of Alveolata. A phylogenetic analysis using 89 samples collected over three years revealed of ten Gambierdiscus species/phylo-types including not only two species that have not been reported in Japan (G. caribaeus and G. silvae) but also four novel phylotypes (Gambierdiscus spp. Clade II_1, Clade II_2, Clade II_3, and Clade VI_1). Uncorrected genetic distances also supported that these new phylotypes clearly diverged from other Gambierdiscus species. All four new phylotypes, G. caribaeus, and G. silvae were distributed in the subtropical region. Among them, Clade II_2, Clade VI_1, and G. silvae were also distributed in the temperate region. Four species/phylotypes previously re-ported from Japan showed a similar distribution as reported previously. Among the ten species/phylotypes, Gambierdiscus sp. type 3 and Clade VI_1 were found only in deep waters, whereas five species/phylotypes were observed only in shallow waters. The other three species/phylotypes were found in both deep and shallow waters. The results of the horizontal and vertical distribution suggest that the growth characteristics of each species/phylotypes found in Japan might adapt to the ambient environmental conditions. This study revealed an inclusive assemblage of Gambierdiscus species/phylotypes in Japan through metabarcoding using the Alveolata primer set. In the future, the abundance and toxicities/toxin productions of the newly reported species/phylo-types need to be clarified to understand the mechanism of CP outbreaks in Japan.

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《Harmful Algae》 |2022年第1期|102163.1-102163.13|共13页
作者
Funaki Hiroshi; Gaonkar Chetan Chandrakant; Kataoka TakafumiNishimura TomohiroTanaka KoukiYanagida IppeiAbe ShoutaYamaguchi HaruoNagasaki KeizoAdachi Masao;
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Kochi Univ, Fac Agr & Marine Sci, Lab Aquat Environm Sci LAQUES, 200 Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan|Ehime Univ, United Grad Sch Agr Sci, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908566, Japan;

Kochi Univ, Fac Agr & Marine Sci, Lab Aquat Environm Sci LAQUES, 200 Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan|Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA;

Fukui Prefectural Univ, Fac Marine Sci & Technol, 1-1 Gakuen Cho, Obama, Fukui 9170003, JapanKochi Univ, Fac Agr & Marine Sci, Lab Aquat Environm Sci LAQUES, 200 Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan|Cawthron Inst, 98 Halifax St East, Nelson 7010, New ZealandKochi Univ, Usa Marine Biol Inst, 194 Inoshiri, Tosa, Kochi 7811164, JapanINO, 228 Koja, Okinawa, Okinawa 9042161, JapanKochi Univ, Fac Agr & Marine Sci, Lab Aquat Environm Sci LAQUES, 200 Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan|Okayama Prefectural Govt, Fisheries Promot Div, Kita Ku, 2-4-6 Uchisange, Okayama, Okayama 7008570, JapanKochi Univ, Fac Agr & Marine Sci, 200 Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan;

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正文语种英语
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Alveolata primer; Gambierdiscus; Metabarcoding; Ciguatera poisoning; Benthic; epiphytic dinoflagellate; 18S rDNA;

Horizontal and vertical distribution of Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) including novel phylotypes in Japan identified by 18S rDNA metabarcoding

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