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Local Heating Transforms Amorphous Calcium Carbonate to Single Crystals with Defined Morphologies

机译:Local Heating Transforms Amorphous Calcium Carbonate to Single Crystals with Defined Morphologies

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摘要

The use of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) as a precursor phaseaffords organisms with outstanding control over the formation of calciteand aragonite biominerals. Essential to this strategy is that the ACC ismaintained within confined volumes in the absence of bulk water. Thisensures that the ACC undergoes a pseudomorphic transformation and thatthe organism can independently control nucleation and growth. However,comparable control has proven hard to achieve in synthetic systems. Here,a straightforward method is demonstrated for controlling the crystallizationof ACC thin films in which nucleation is first triggered using a heated probe,and then growth is sustained by incubating the film at a lower temperature.By independently controlling nucleation and growth, sub-millimeter calcitesingle crystals can be generated when and where it is desired, morphologiesranging from discs to squares to serpentine strips can be created, andarrays of crystals formed. The mechanism and energetics of crystallizationof the ACC are studied using in situ transmission electron microscopy andcontinuity between the ACC and calcite at the growth front is demonstrated.It is envisaged that this method can be applied to the formation of largesingle crystals of alternative functional materials that form via amorphousprecursor phases.

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