The problems of image mining and semantic image retrieval play an important role in many areas of life. In this paper, a semantic-based image retrieval system is proposed that relies on the combination of C-Tree, which was built in the authors' previous work, and a neighbor graph (called Graph-CTree) to improve accuracy. The k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm is used to classify a set of similar images that are retrieved on Graph-CTree to create a set of visual words. An ontology framework for images is created semi-automatically. SPARQL query is automatically generated from visual words and retrieve on ontology for semantics image. The experiment was performed on image datasets, such as COREL, WANG, ImageCLEF, and Stanford Dogs, with precision values of 0.888473, 0.766473, 0.839814, and 0.826416, respectively. These results are compared with related works on the same image dataset, showing the effectiveness of the methods proposed here.
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