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Comparing Methods of Characterizing Energetic Disorder in Organic Solar Cells

机译：Comparing Methods of Characterizing Energetic Disorder in Organic Solar Cells

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摘要

The energetic disorder has been known for decades to limit the performanceof structurally disordered semiconductors such as amorphous siliconand organic semiconductors. However, in the past years, high-performanceorganic solar cells have emerged showing a continuously reduced amountof energetic disorder. While searching for future high-efficiency materialsystems, it is therefore important to correctly characterize this energetic disorder.While there are several techniques in the literature, the most commonapproaches to probe the density of defect states are using optical excitationas in external quantum efficiency measurements, or sequential filling of thetail states by applying an external voltage as in admittance spectroscopy.A metanalysis of available literature, as well as the experiments using fourcharacterization techniques on two material systems, reveal that electrical,voltage-dependent measurements frequently yield higher values of energeticdisorder than optical measurements. With drift-diffusion simulations,it is demonstrated that the approaches probe different energy ranges of thesubband-gap density of states. The limitations of the techniques are furtherexplored and it is found that extraction of information from a capacitancevoltagecurve can be inhibited by internal series resistance. Thereby, thediscrepancies between measurement techniques with sensitivity to differentenergy ranges and electronic parameters are explained.

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