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Advances in Carbon Materials for Sodium and Potassium Storage

机译:Advances in Carbon Materials for Sodium and Potassium Storage

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摘要

Over the past decades, ground-breaking techniques and transformativeprogress have been achieved on exploring alternative battery candidatesbeyond lithium-ion batteries, among which sodium-/potassium-ion batteries(SIBs/PIBs) are receiving rapidly increased attention. Great efforts have beendevoted to developing verified anode materials. Carbon materials take theleading position because of their abundance, low-cost, environmental friendless,and commercial potential. While it is easy to understand which specificcarbon material exhibits outstanding performance, the understanding of electrochemicalreaction mechanisms, the structure–performance relation, andthe interfacial properties of carbon anodes are rather difficult. It is urgentlyrequired to comprehensively summarize and further compare these fundamentalissues, but it is still insufficient. This review concentrates on recentprogress of carbon materials for SIBs and PIBs, and at the beginning summarizesthe fabrication and characterization of different carbon allotropes,then fundamentally compares the ion storage mechanisms and interfacialchemistries. Furthermore, the relationship between the mechanism-orientedand interface-correlated performance and material optimization strategies isestablished. Finally, critical challenges and future developments of carbonanodes for the practical realization of SIBs/PIBs are proposed. This reviewgives a comprehensive summary and perspective from mechanisms to materialdesign, offering a reliable guidance of carbon materials for SIBs and PIBs.

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