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首页> 外文期刊>The European journal of neuroscience. >The forced swim test: Giving up on behavioral despair (Commentary on Molendijk de Kloet, 2021)
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The forced swim test: Giving up on behavioral despair (Commentary on Molendijk de Kloet, 2021)

机译：The forced swim test: Giving up on behavioral despair (Commentary on Molendijk de Kloet, 2021)

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Depression is a prevalent, debilitating mental illness which affects over 300 million people worldwide and is often co-morbid with chronic illnesses or anxiety disorders (Menard et al., 2016; World Health Organization (WHO), 2017). Characterized by a wide range of symptoms involving disruption of mood and cognition, depression is a leading cause of disability and contributor to economic burden (Menard et al., 2016; World Health Organization (WHO), 2017). Even as incidence of depression steadily escalates (Akil et al., 2018), research efforts to understand its increasingly complex pathology and produce more effective treatments are stymied. The symptoms of depression are heterogeneous and do not point to a single etiological origin (Nestler & Hyman, 2010). While animal models of depression and their accompanying behavioral validations are fundamental to depression research, they can also be a source of frustration. The Forced Swim Test (FST, also known as the Porsolt swim test) in particular has proven controversial. Developed by Roger Porsolt in the 1970s as a rapid behavioral screen for antidepressant compounds (Porsolt et al., 1977, 1978), the FST is now considered by some as “the gold standard animal test for depression” (Unal & Canbeyli, 2019). The classic FST is a 2day test where a rodent is placed in an inescapable container of water and must swim for 15 min on the first day and 5 or 6 min on the second “test” day twenty-four hours later (Porsolt et al., 1977, 1978; Yankelevitch-Yahav et al., 2015; Figure 1). During the test session, animals quickly begin to float, exhibiting immobility behavior that has been interpreted as behavioral despair, learned helplessness, passive coping, psychomotor retardation, anxiety, and even autism. But what is the FST really measuring? Does immobility in this test really correspond to behavioral despair, serving as a reliable measure of depressive-like behavior?

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