Saline frozen rocks of the Arctic coast require detailed study, since they are characterized by a low bearing capacity and low resistance to technogenic impacts. The currently known mechanisms of salinization of permafrost due to the effect of marine transgression (marine salinity) and cryogenic concentration, as well as due to the concentration of salts as a result of dehydration of rocks (continental salinity), do not always enable us to explain the presence of saline deposits on the Arctic coast of the Arctic Ocean. The purpose of this work is to present new mechanisms of salinity formation in permafrost that can explain the development of salinization at significant altitudes above sea level. Possible hypotheses of the formation of saline frozen rocks at high altitudes above sea level are given for the first time: the upsurge in sea level and tsunamis in the recent geological past, the latest tectonics, and biogenic salinization. The applied approach, taking into account the mechanisms of salinization formation in rocks, enables us to present graphically a new variant of the map of the distribution pattern of frozen saline rocks in the Northern Hemisphere. The boundary of the marine type of salinization was determined by the maximal boreal transgression, and the boundary of the continental type of salinity was drawn by analyzing and comparing the map of atmospheric precipitation and the map of evaporation (the areas where evaporation predominates over precipitation were isolated). A significant increase in the areas with the marine and continental salinity types on the Arctic coast of the Arctic Ocean is shown. It has been revealed that the maximal transgression did not reach such high levels in high-altitude regions in the Quaternary Period; in addition, the climate of these sites is far from the continental one.
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