There are many standard fabrication methods for conventional materials, such as hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy and powder metallurgy, but the advanced materials cannot be easily prepared by these methods. Materials processing and fabrication methods have led to the control of the atomic arrangement of materials to tailor materials with the desired structure. Tailoring the structure of a material by controlling the atomic arrangement affects the overall properties of the material and allows for high performance characterization. In addition, controlling the morphology and microscopic (shape and size) properties of the material significantly changes the properties and behavior of the material. It can be concluded that the way the material is manufactured (material processing and fabrication) affects the atomic arrangement and microscopic properties of the material, which not only leads to the development of the overall product properties, but also affects its performance and future applications.
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