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Low Concentration Electrolyte Enabling Cryogenic Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

机译：Low Concentration Electrolyte Enabling Cryogenic Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

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摘要

Lithium-sulfur chemistry suffers from poor conversion reaction kinetics, causing low-capacity utilization of sulfur cathodes, particularly at cryogenic temperatures. Herein, based on low-cost and abundant commercial sulfur particles directly, a low concentration electrolyte (LCE, 0.1 m) is employed to accelerate lithium-sulfur conversion reaction at low temperatures, demonstrating a broad applicability of this approach. Compared to conventional concentration (1.0 m) electrolytes, the proposed LCE successfully enhances conversion kinetics from Li_2S_4 to Li_2S and restrains shuttle effects of polysulfides, resulting in higher capacity utilizations and more stable cycle performance at 0 and ?20 ℃. Further interfacial chemistry analyses on cycled electrodes reveal that a hybrid surface layer dominated by organic species as well as some favorable inorganics is constructed in the LCE, demonstrating smaller surface layer resistance. In situ EIS measurements at 0 ℃ and CV tests reveal main differences of electrode kinetics in 0.1 and 1 m electrolytes, further explaining the differences in working mechanism of two electrolytes. These findings elucidate the roles of LCEs on realizing faster kinetics for cryogenic lithium-sulfur batteries and provide a simple, low-cost, and widely applicable pathway for achieving high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries under extreme conditions.

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