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首页> 外文期刊>Mammal research >Habitat structure, not the anthropogenic context or large predators, shapes occupancy of a generalist mesopredator across protected areas in South Africa
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Habitat structure, not the anthropogenic context or large predators, shapes occupancy of a generalist mesopredator across protected areas in South Africa

机译：Habitat structure, not the anthropogenic context or large predators, shapes occupancy of a generalist mesopredator across protected areas in South Africa

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摘要

Black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) are opportunistic mesopredators occupying a variety of ecosystems across South Africa (SA). They can move between protected areas (PAs) and surrounding human-dominated landscapes where they are prone to conflict with wildlife and livestock farmers and subsequently face high persecution rates. However, it remains unclear to what extent the anthropogenic landscape matrix in which PAs are embedded affects black-backed jackal occupancy within PAs at large spatial scales. Therefore, in this study, we explore how different sources of environmental variation inside and outside PAs influence the patterns of jackal's occupancy within PAs. We used 309 camera traps across 15 PAs in SA to respond to the following questions: (i) How does the landscape matrix surrounding PAs affect black-backed jackal occupancy compared to the landscape characteristics inside PAs? (ii) How does the presence of large carnivores affect black-backed jackal occupancy under these varying conditions of anthropogenic and PA landscape characteristics? When contrasting the effect of landscape variables and large predators at different spatial scales (fine-scale at site vs coarse-scale at reserve level), we found overwhelming support for tree cover at the camera site level as the main factor driving jackal occupancy with a higher occupancy in open areas. Our results suggest that neither anthropogenic context around PAs nor large predators influence the geographic variation in jackal's occupancy at large scales and that fine-scale habitat attributes are more important. Our study sheds light on the role of bottom-up over top-down mechanisms in driving jackals' distribution, confirming the ecological plasticity of this species to occupy different environments and suggesting that management of this species must be planned at local scales.

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