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首页> 外文期刊>Doklady earth sciences >Types and Current Development Activity of Hazardous Geological Processes in the Southern Urals and the Cis-Ural Region
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Types and Current Development Activity of Hazardous Geological Processes in the Southern Urals and the Cis-Ural Region

机译：Types and Current Development Activity of Hazardous Geological Processes in the Southern Urals and the Cis-Ural Region

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摘要

Hazardous geological processes are those that negatively affect or can potentially affect economic facilities or cause emergency situations and circumstances jeopardizing human life. The most widespread and hazardous types of exogenic geological processes in the region under consideration include lateral river erosion, karsts, and landslides. The greatest impact on economic facilities is exerted by lateral river erosion as bank erosion recorded in every seventh settlement of the region under study. Surface karst processes were recorded in 7% of settlements, and landslide displacements were recorded in 0.4%. Hazardous geological processes of exogenic genesis are most widespread in the plains of the Urals. The current activity of each of them was assessed for the period of 2000-2020. The river erosion was assessed on the basis of aerial and satellite images in different periods and on the basis of monitoring the river bank status at 29 observation sites with different natural conditions. The coastal erosion velocity in the whole region was estimated as low (up to 0.5 m/yr) and medium (0.5-1.0 m/yr), with the highest activity in the Cis-Ural region and foothills of the Southern Urals. The greatest coastal erosion (1.1-3.0 m/yr) was recorded in 2012-2014 and 2017 distinguished by an increased water content in a range of observations. The current activity of karsts and landslides was assessed in terms of the formation frequency of new large karst sinkholes and major new landslides (with a lateral length of more than 50 m and a displacement amplitude of more than 5 m). The average sinkhole activity was 1.7 sinkholes per year in 2000-2020; it was related to a karst in Kungurian gypsum in the lower section of the Permian system. The annual karst sinkhole frequency increased from 0.7 in 2000-2010 up to 2.7 in 2011-2020. The highest sinkhole frequency was recorded in 2016 in the Cis-Ural region within urban agglomerations where the anthropogenic factors (mainly leaks from water-bearing communications) were added to natural karst development. In general, the landslide activity is low and, most often, along with meteorological factors, is due to technogenesis, i.e., artificial slope cutting.

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