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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy >Exploring Earth’s ionosphere and its effect on low radio frequency observation with the uGMRT and the SKA
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Exploring Earth’s ionosphere and its effect on low radio frequency observation with the uGMRT and the SKA

机译：使用 uGMRT 和 SKA 探索地球电离层及其对低射频观测的影响

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Abstract The Earth’s ionosphere introduces systematic effects that limit the performance of a radio interferometer at low frequencies (≲1documentclass12pt{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} begin{document}$${lesssim }1$$end{document} GHz). These effects become more pronounced for severe geomagnetic activities or observations involving longer interferometer baselines. The uGMRT, a pathfinder for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), is located between the northern crest of the Equatorial ionisation Anomaly (EIA) and the magnetic equator. Hence, this telescope is more prone to severe ionospheric conditions and is a unique radio interferometer for studying the ionosphere. Here, we present 235 MHz observations with the GMRT, showing significant ionospheric activities over a solar minimum. This work has characterised the ionospheric disturbances observed with the GMRT. We have compared them with ionospheric studies and observations with other telescopes like the VLA, MWA and LOFAR situated at different magnetic latitudes. We have estimated the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) gradient over the full GMRT array, showing an order of magnitude higher sensitivity than the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Furthermore, this article uses the ionospheric characteristics estimated from the observations with uGMRT, VLA, LOFAR and MWA to forecast the effects of the low-frequency observations with the SKA1-MID and SKA1-LOW in the future.
机译：摘要 地球电离层引入了系统效应，限制了无线电干涉仪在低频（≲1documentclass[12pt]{minimal}、usepackage{amsmath}、usepackage{wasysym}、usepackage{amsfonts}、usepackage{amssymb}、usepackage{amsbsy}、usepackage{mathrsfs}、usepackage{upgreek}、setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt}begin{document}$${lesssim}1$$end{document}GHz）的性能。对于严重的地磁活动或涉及较长干涉仪基线的观测，这些影响变得更加明显。uGMRT是平方公里阵列（SKA）的探路者，位于赤道电离异常（EIA）的北峰和磁赤道之间。因此，该望远镜更容易受到严重电离层条件的影响，是研究电离层的独特射电干涉仪。在这里，我们用GMRT进行了235 MHz的观测，显示了太阳极小期上显着的电离层活动。这项工作描述了GMRT观察到的电离层扰动。我们将它们与电离层研究和观测与位于不同磁纬度的其他望远镜（如VLA，MWA和LOFAR）进行了比较。我们估计了整个GMRT阵列上的电离层总电子含量（TEC）梯度，显示出比全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）高一个数量级的灵敏度。此外，本文利用uGMRT、VLA、LOFAR和MWA观测估计的电离层特性，预测了未来SKA1-MID和SKA1-LOW低频观测的影响。

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